Table 4.
Neonatal outcomes of babies in the study
| Number | Crude rate | Crude RR | Adjusted RR (95% CI) (Prison controls = reference group) | Crude RR | Adjusted RR (95% CI) (Community = reference group) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Pre-term birth (gestational age <37 weeks) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
| Prison pregnancy (ii) |
45 |
15.0 |
0.97 |
0.93 (0.67-1.28) |
2.85 |
1.48 (1.07-2.03)* |
||
| Prison controls (iii) |
188 |
15.4 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
|
|
||
| Community (iv) |
2056 |
5.3 |
|
|
1.00 |
1.00 |
||
|
Low birthweight (<2500 g) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
| Prison pregnancy (ii) |
55 |
18.3 |
0.99 |
0.93 (0.69-1.24) |
4.04 |
1.71 (1.28-2.30)* |
||
| Prison controls (iii) |
225 |
18.4 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
|
|
||
| Community (iv) |
1774 |
4.5 |
|
|
1.00 |
1.00 |
||
|
Apgar score at 5 mins <7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
| Prison pregnancy (ii) |
8 |
2.7 |
0.79 |
0.74 (0.35-1.57) |
1.81 |
1.19 (0.57-2.49) |
||
| Prison controls (iii) |
41 |
3.4 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
|
|
||
| Community (iv) |
575 |
1.5 |
|
|
1.00 |
1.00 |
||
|
Higher order resuscitation |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
| Prison pregnancy (ii) |
3 |
1.0 |
0.68 |
0.66 (0.20-2.24) |
1.17 |
0.65 (0.20-2.10) |
||
| Prison controls (iii) |
18 |
1.5 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
|
|
||
| Community (iv) |
333 |
0.9 |
|
|
1.00 |
1.00 |
||
|
All neonatal hospital admission (v) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
| Prison pregnancy (ii) |
167 |
55.7 |
1.09 |
1.12 (0.94-1.33) |
1.77 |
1.51 (1.29-1.78)* |
||
| Prison controls (iii) |
622 |
51.0 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
|
|
||
| Community (iv) |
12302 |
31.5 |
|
|
1.00 |
1.00 |
||
|
5+ days in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (v) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
| Prison pregnancy (ii) |
51 |
0.2 |
0.96 |
0.93 (0.69-1.26) |
3.64 |
1.45 (1.06-1.97)* |
||
| Prison controls (iii) |
216 |
0.2 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
|
|
||
| Community (iv) |
1826 |
0.0 |
|
|
1.00 |
1.00 |
||
|
Optimum baby outcomes |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
| Prison pregnancy (ii) |
148 |
49.3 |
0.96 |
0.97 (0.81-1.16) |
0.63 |
0.70 (0.60-0.83)* |
||
| Prison controls (iii) |
630 |
51.6 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
|
|
||
| Community (iv) |
30578 |
78.2 |
|
|
1.00 |
1.00 |
||
|
Perinatal deaths (vi) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
| Prison pregnancy (ii) |
2 |
0.7 |
0.46 |
0.43 (0.10-1.86) |
1.06 |
0.56 (0.14-2.50) |
||
| Prison controls (iii) |
18 |
1.5 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
|
|
||
| Community (iv) | 246 | 0.6 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
(i) Except for perinatal deaths, live born singleton births and first births during the study period (index births) only. Analyses were adjusted for the confounding effects of maternal age, smoking, parity, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander origin, and any mental health admission/OST.
(ii) Births to women who were incarcerated for a minimum of five consecutive days during this pregnancy.
(iii) Births to women were not incarcerated during this pregnancy, but were incarcerated at another time during the study period.
(iv) A random 10% sample of births to women who were not incarcerated at all during the study period.
(v) Adjusted for pre-term birth, low birthweight, maternal age, smoking, parity, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander origin, and any mental health admission or OST.
(vi) Singleton births and first births during the study period (index births) only were analysed.
*Result was significant (p < 0.05).