Table 1.
General description and univariate analysis of variables under study
| Variable (N, %) | CAP non-failure N = 170 | Early failure N = 40 | p value** | Late failure N = 43 | p value*** |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean (SD) |
67.2 (17.6) |
67.4 (18.5) |
0.8 |
69.0 (15.8) |
0.8 |
| Gender, male |
116 (68.6) |
26 (65) |
0.6 |
24 (55.8) |
0.1 |
| Smoking habit |
31 (18.3) |
8 (20) |
0.8 |
13 (30.2) |
0.08 |
| Alcohol intake |
17 (10.1) |
4 (10) |
0.9 |
5 (11.6) |
0.7 |
| Pulmonary diseases |
66 (39.1) |
18 (45) |
0.4 |
23 (53.3) |
0.08 |
| COPD |
31 (18.3) |
6 (15) |
0.6 |
7 (16.3) |
0.8 |
| Previous Antibiotic therapy |
61 (36.1) |
19 (47.5) |
0.1 |
11 (25.6) |
0.2 |
| Previous hospitalization |
33 (19.5) |
7 (17.5) |
0.8 |
7 (16.3) |
0.6 |
| Previous CAP |
48 (28.4) |
8 (20) |
0.3 |
9 (20.9) |
0.3 |
| Comorbidity (all) |
93 (54.7) |
15 (37.5) |
0.05 |
24 (55.8) |
0.9 |
|
Neurological |
47 (27.7) |
9 (22.5) |
0.5 |
13 (30.2) |
0.7 |
| Cirrhosis |
5 (2.9) |
1 (2.5) |
0.8 |
2 (4.7) |
0.6 |
| Cardiac insufficiency |
33 (19.4) |
4 (10.0) |
0.2 |
11 (25.6) |
0.4 |
| Chronic Renal failure |
14 (8.3) |
1 (2.5) |
0.2 |
1 (2.3) |
0.2 |
| Diabetes Mellitus |
39 (22.9) |
7 (17.5) |
0.5 |
7 (16.3) |
0.3 |
|
Digestive |
34 (20.0) |
8 (18.6) |
0.8 |
7 (17.5) |
0.7 |
| Multilobar involvement |
34 (20.0) |
23 (53.5) |
< 0.001 |
14 (35.0) |
0.04 |
| ICU admission |
5 (3) |
6 (15) |
0.002 |
24 (55.8) |
< 0.001 |
| PSI IV-V |
108 (63.9) |
22 (55) |
0.3 |
34 (79.1) |
0.06 |
| CURB 65 ≥ 3 |
50 (29.4) |
14 (35.0) |
0.6 |
22 (51.2) |
0.004 |
| Pleural effusion |
24 (14.1) |
13 (32.5) |
0.006 |
9 (20.9) |
0.3 |
| Mortality |
3 (1.8)* |
13 (32.5) |
< 0.001 |
14 (32.6) |
< 0.001 |
| Length of hospital stay, mean (SD) |
8.1 (5.7) |
17.5 (10.5) |
< 0.001 |
17.1 (17.1) |
< 0.001 |
| Pneumococcal pneumonia | 28 (16.5) | 8 (20.0) | 0.6 | 8 (18.6) | 0.7 |
*Patients included in this category; mortality was not directly attributed to the pneumonia and occurred > 96 h, after admission.
**p value comparing early failure cases with control group (non-failure CAP patients).
***p value comparing late failure cases with control group (non-failure CAP patients).