Figure 1.

Body weight development (A), hepatic triacylglycerol, non-esterified fatty acids and total phospholipids (B) and histological analysis of fat accumulation in liver tissues (C) from C, CMS, HF and HFMS mice. The bipartite 12-weeks feeding trial includes a 8-weeks DIO-phase to achieve DIO associated with NAFLD in mice (part 8 w) followed by a 4-weeks MDS-phase (part 12 w). The vertical line between part 8 w and part 12 w delineates the transition between the two phases. Data are presented as mean ± SEM (8 w = 8 weeks, n = 5; 12 w = 12 weeks, n = 8–9). (A) Asterisk indicates statistical significance (p < 0.05) of HF and HFMS mice compared to C and CMS mice (p < 0.05). (B) Open and gray boxes represent data from C and HF animals, respectively, and open lined and gray lined boxes represent data from CMS and HFMS animals, respectively. Data are presented as box and whisker plot. Different subscript letters indicate statistical significance (p < 0.05). Data from the 8-weeks DIO-phase (C, HF) and 4-weeks MDS-phase (C, CMS, HF, HFMS) were analyzed separately using Student's t-test and one-way ANOVA followed by Newman-Keuls Multiple Comparison Test, respectively. (C) Shown are Oil red O-stained mouse liver cryosections, labeled by numbers respective the diet and feeding time: control diet fed mice (1) and HF mice (2) after the 8-weeks feeding phase; mice fed control diet (3), HF diet (4), CMS diet (5) and HFMS diet (6) after the 12-weeks feeding period, which included the 4-weeks MDS-phase. Tissue sections from mice. Scale bar: 20 μm. NEFA, non-esterified fatty acids; PL, phospholipids; TG, triacylglycerol.