Table 4.
The impact of various parameters on nipple discharge biomarker levels in the breast cancer group (n = 86).
| Subgroup | n | CA15-3 (U/mL) mean ± SD | CA125 (U/mL) mean ± SD | CEA (ng/mL) mean ± SD | TSGF (U/mL) mean ± SD |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tumor size | |||||
| ≤2 cm | 54 | 126.48 ± 23.34 | 113.96 ± 27.58 | 108.84 ± 25.12 | 206.78 ± 36.67 |
| >2 cm | 32 | 129.03 ± 28.37 | 116.89 ± 40.98 | 111.13 ± 32.84 | 214.89 ± 39.95 |
| Age | |||||
| ≥50 years | 58 | 129.01 ± 30.54 | 116.37 ± 41.24 | 112.94 ± 31.06 | 215.78 ± 38.91 |
| <50 years | 28 | 127.72 ± 29.66 | 76.54 ± 22.43 | 107.01 ± 28.38 | 209.67 ± 35.53 |
| Age at Menarche | |||||
| ≤14 years | 60 | 125.28 ± 25.69 | 113.65 ± 30.23 | 111.24 ± 29.33 | 210.83 ± 35.98 |
| >14 years | 26 | 130.06 ± 31.77 | 116.89 ± 41.01 | 108.20 ± 28.27 | 213.77 ± 37.93 |
| Age at Menopause | |||||
| ≤50 years | 69 | 136.61 ± 33.39 | 145.17 ± 51.72 | 131.42 ± 41.88 | 233.43 ± 41.23 |
| >50 years | 17 | 115.89 ± 18.25 | 112.57 ± 39.53 | 99.91 ± 28.39 | 198.87 ± 32.56 |
| BMI | |||||
| <30 kg/m2 | 62 | 129.74 ± 31.64 | 117.01 ± 42.75 | 107.91 ± 28.91 | 215.72 ± 38.21 |
| ≥30 kg/m2 | 24 | 127.51 ± 29.36 | 112.09 ± 30.01 | 112.62 ± 29.47 | 210.65 ± 34.37 |
| ER & PR | |||||
| positive | 72 | 129.46 ± 22.98 | 119.98 ± 28.87 | 92.62 ± 29.89 | 189.23 ± 32.31 |
| negative | 14 | 157.83 ± 37.56 | 121.38 ± 30.32 | 128.98 ± 31.11 | 251.71 ± 53.89 |
| HER2/neu | |||||
| positive | 28 | 151.43 ± 32.42 | 120.69 ± 31.37 | 117.34 ± 29.65 | 243.56 ± 54.76 |
| negative | 58 | 125.74 ± 26.05 | 98.55 ± 20.79 | 85.62 ± 27.47 | 187.34 ± 33.96 |
| VEGF | |||||
| positive | 59 | 147.62 ± 41.23 | 111.42 ± 31.88 | 123.33 ± 32.46 | 242.45 ± 43.88 |
| negative | 27 | 112.28 ± 26.72 | 80.99 ± 22.39 | 104.44 ± 25.12 | 189.79 ± 31.96 |
| Ki-67 | |||||
| >14% | 21 | 165.24 ± 39.33 | 139.19 ± 44.32 | 125.17 ± 33.42 | 237.78 ± 46.53 |
| ≤14% | 65 | 110.36 ± 25.78 | 106.35 ± 25.17 | 103.56 ± 25.67 | 201.78 ± 31.56 |
| Grade | |||||
| III | 33 | 312.56 ± 66.13 | 165.31 ± 63.42 | 195.67 ± 56.32 | 263.21 ± 68.43 |
| II | 53 | 68.20 ± 24.35 | 96.42 ± 26.34 | 78.32 ± 14.69 | 176.42 ± 23.69 |
| Lymph node metastasis | |||||
| positive | 42 | 128.21 ± 28.63 | 115.71 ± 41.08 | 109.23 ± 30.94 | 212.42 ± 45.71 |
| negative | 44 | 20.01 ± 10.97 | 21.43 ± 7.83 | 5.49 ± 2.78 | 46.891 ± 16.77 |
| Distal metastasis | |||||
| positive | 17 | 572.23 ± 105.25 | 198.62 ± 47.24 | 158.23 ± 55.24 | 228.22 ± 73.15 |
| negative | 69 | 90.64 ± 23.33 | 143.63 ± 26.02 | 105.01 ± 28.32 | 189.63 ± 26.31 |
| Recurrence | |||||
| positive | 17 | 176.32 ± 105.25 | 189.62 ± 98.78 | 171.77 ± 56.76 | 236.65 ± 98.76 |
| negative | 69 | 107.43 ± 24.68 | 101.34 ± 89.34 | 87.62 ± 23.19 | 176.76 ± 32.34 |
CA15-3: cancer antigen 15-3; CEA: carcinoembryonic antigen; CA-125: cancer antigen 125; TSGF: malignant tumor-specific growth factor; ER: estrogen receptor; PR: progesterone receptor; HER2/neu: human epidermal growth factor receptortype2; VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor; BMI: body mass index.