Overview of BiFC constructs with different peptide linker sequences between the coding regions of the YFP halves and the coding regions of two interacting petunia MADS (MCM1, AGAMOUS, DEFICIENS and Serum Response Factor) domain transcription factor proteins. The indicated linker lengths include amino acids (AA) encoded by parts of the multiple cloning site. Vector combinations were tested upon transient transfection of petunia protoplasts. All expression cassettes were embedded in a pUC vector backbone. Peptide linker sequences: Gateway-based cloning linker sequence [23]; RSIAT/KQKVMNH [5]; myc and HA tag [7].