Table 3.
Risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for small for gestational age associated with maternal race, education level, individual allostatic load biomarkers and quartile of allostatic load index scorea
| Model 1: n = 1,456
|
Model 2: n = 1,411
|
Model 3: n = 1,263
|
Model 4: n = 375
|
Model 5: n = 375
|
Model 6: n = 375
|
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RR | [95% CI] | RR | [95% CI] | RR | [95% CI] | RR | [95% CI] | RR | [95% CI] | RR | [95% CI] | |
| Race | ||||||||||||
| White | 1.0 | [Reference] | 1.0 | [Reference] | 1.0 | [Reference] | 1.0 | [Reference] | 1.0 | [Reference] | 1.0 | [Reference] |
| African American | 1.8 | 1.3, 2.5 | 1.9 | 1.3, 2.7 | 1.9 | 1.3, 2.8 | 1.3 | 0.7, 2.5 | 1.3 | 0.6, 2.5 | 1.7 | 0.9, 3.1 |
| Education | ||||||||||||
| More than HS | 1.0 | [Reference] | 1.0 | [Reference] | 1.0 | [Reference] | 1.0 | [Reference] | 1.0 | [Reference] | 1.0 | [Reference] |
| HS | 1.9 | 1.2, 3.2 | 1.9 | 1.1, 3.1 | 2.0 | 1.1, 3.5 | 1.4 | 0.5, 4.2 | 1.3 | 0.5, 3.3 | 1.5 | 0.6, 3.6 |
| Less than HS | 2.3 | 1.3, 4.2 | 2.3 | 1.3, 4.3 | 2.4 | 1.2, 4.7 | 2.5 | 0.8, 8.4 | 2.5 | 0.8, 7.3 | 2.3 | 0.7, 7.4 |
| Allostatic load components | ||||||||||||
| SBP (scaled per 10 unit increase) | 1.1 | 0.8, 1.4 | 1.2 | 0.9, 1.5 | 1.2 | 1.0, 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.0, 2.4 | 2.0 | 1.2, 3.3 | ||
| DBP (scaled per 10 unit increase) | 0.9 | 0.7, 1.1 | 1.0 | 0.8, 1.2 | 1.0 | 0.8, 1.2 | 0.8 | 0.6, 1.2 | 1.1 | 0.7, 1.8 | ||
| BMI | 0.9 | 0.9, 1.0 | 0.9 | 0.9, 1.0 | 0.9 | 0.8, 1.1 | 1.0 | 0.9, 1.1 | ||||
| Total cholesterol (scaled per 10 unit increase) | 1.0 | 1.0, 1.1 | 1.0 | 1.0, 1.1 | 1.0 | 0.9, 1.2 | 1.0 | 0.9, 1.2 | ||||
| Triglyceridesb | 1.3 | 0.9, 1. 9 | 1.3 | 0.8, 1.9 | 0.8 | 0.4, 1.6 | 1.0 | 0.5, 2.2 | ||||
| Glucoseb | 0.9 | 0.3, 3.1 | 0.2 | 0.0, 6.0 | 0.4 | 0.02, 10.0 | ||||||
| Insulinb | 1.0 | 0.7, 1.4 | 1.2 | 0.6, 2.4 | 1.3 | 0.7, 2.4 | ||||||
| White blood cellsb | 0.5 | 0.1, 1.7 | 0.5 | 0.1, 1. 7 | ||||||||
| Fibrinogenb | 1.0 | 0.5, 2.1 | 1.2 | 0.5, 2.6 | ||||||||
| Allostatic load index | ||||||||||||
| Quartile 1 | 1.0 | [Reference] | 1.0 | [Reference] | 1.0 | [Reference] | 1.0 | [Reference] | 1.0 | [Reference] | 1.0 | [Reference] |
| Quartile 2 | 0.4 | 0.1, 1.2 | 0.7 | 0.3, 2.0 | ||||||||
| Quartile 3 | 0.2 | 0.04, 0.8 | 0.5 | 0.2, 1.7 | ||||||||
| Quartile 4 | 0.1 | 0.02, 0.8 | 0.6 | 0.2, 1.8 | ||||||||
a
All models adjusted for maternal age at first birth, smoking during pregnancy, date of Bogalusa Heart Study (BHS) examination, and years between allostatic load measurement and conception.
b
Biomarkers that deviated from normality were log (basee) transformed before entered in the model. HS, high school; RR, risk ratio.