Table 1.
Prevalence of DSM-IV/CIDI major depressive episodes in the 18 countries participating in the WMH surveys
| Screen+a | Lifetime prevalencea |
Lifetime/ screen+a |
12-month prevalencea |
12-month/ screen+a |
12-month/ lifetimea |
Age of onset | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % | (SE) | % | (SE) | % | (SE) | % | (SE) | % | (SE) | % | (SE) | Median | (IQR)b | |
| I. High incomec | ||||||||||||||
| Belgium | 49.4 | (2.5) | 14.1 | (1.0) | 28.5 | (1.9) | 5.0 | (0.5) | 10.0 | (1.0) | 35.2 | (2.8) | 29.4 | (20.9–41.3) |
| France | 65.0 | (1.7) | 21.0 | (1.1) | 32.3 | (1.4) | 5.9 | (0.6) | 9.0 | (0.9) | 27.9 | (2.6) | 28.4 | (19.3–38.9) |
| Germany | 43.1 | (1.4) | 9.9 | (0.6) | 23.0 | (1.3) | 3.0 | (0.3) | 6.9 | (0.6) | 30.1 | (2.1) | 27.6 | (18.6–39.6) |
| Israel | 45.1 | (0.8) | 10.2 | (0.5) | 22.6 | (1.0) | 6.1 | (0.4) | 13.5 | (0.8) | 59.6 | (2.3) | 25.5 | (18.1–38.5) |
| Italy | 44.9 | (1.7) | 9.9 | (0.5) | 22.1 | (1.0) | 3.0 | (0.2) | 6.7 | (0.5) | 30.2 | (1.9) | 27.7 | (19.1–39.1) |
| Japan | 29.9 | (0.8) | 6.6 | (0.5) | 22.2 | (1.4) | 2.2 | (0.4) | 7.4 | (1.2) | 33.3 | (4.2) | 30.1 | (20.8–45.3) |
| Netherlands | 53.2 | (1.6) | 17.9 | (1.0) | 33.6 | (1.8) | 4.9 | (0.5) | 9.2 | (1.0) | 27.3 | (2.6) | 27.2 | (19.3–39.5) |
| New Zealand | 61.9 | (0.6) | 17.8 | (0.4) | 28.7 | (0.6) | 6.6 | (0.3) | 10.6 | (0.5) | 37.0 | (1.5) | 24.2 | (16.1–34.5)c |
| Spain | 37.7 | (1.0) | 10.6 | (0.5) | 28.2 | (1.2) | 4.0 | (0.3) | 10.6 | (0.8) | 37.5 | (1.9) | 30.0 | (19.7–44.3) |
| United States | 62.0 | (0.9) | 19.2 | (0.5) | 30.9 | (0.7) | 8.3 | (0.3) | 13.3 | (0.5) | 43.1 | (1.2) | 22.7 | (15.1–34.6) |
| Total | 52.3 | (0.4) | 14.6 | (0.2) | 28.1 | (0.3) | 5.5 | (0.1) | 10.6 | (0.2) | 37.7 | (0.7) | 25.7 | (17.3–37.2) |
| II. Low-middle incomec | ||||||||||||||
| Brazil (Sao Paulo) | 66.0 | (1.0) | 18.4 | (0.8) | 27.9 | (1.1) | 10.4 | (0.6) | 15.8 | (0.8) | 56.7 | (1.5) | 24.3 | (17.2–35.8) |
| Colombia | 58.6 | (1.1) | 13.3 | (0.6) | 22.6 | (1.0) | 6.2 | (0.4) | 10.6 | (0.7) | 46.7 | (2.6) | 23.5 | (15.6–33.6) |
| India (Pondicherry) | 25.0 | (0.9) | 9.0 | (0.5) | 35.9 | (1.5) | 4.5 | (0.4) | 18.0 | (1.4) | 50.0 | (3.0) | 31.9 | (24.5–42.7) |
| Lebanon | 57.7 | (1.8) | 10.9 | (0.9) | 18.9 | (1.3) | 5.5 | (0.7) | 9.5 | (1.2) | 50.0 | (3.7) | 23.8 | (17.5–32.8) |
| Mexico | 40.6 | (1.1) | 8.0 | (0.5) | 19.6 | (1.2) | 4.0 | (0.3) | 9.8 | (0.8) | 50.0 | (2.7) | 23.5 | (16.7–34.0) |
| PRCd (Shenzhen) | 54.6 | (0.9) | 6.5 | (0.4) | 12.0 | (0.7) | 3.8 | (0.3) | 6.9 | (0.5) | 58.0 | (2.6) | 18.8 | (14.9–23.4) |
| South Africa | 56.1 | (1.3) | 9.8 | (0.7) | 17.4 | (1.2) | 4.9 | (0.4) | 8.6 | (0.8) | 49.6 | (2.7) | 22.3 | (15.8–33.8) |
| Ukraine | 82.4 | (1.1) | 14.6 | (0.7) | 17.7 | (0.8) | 8.4 | (0.6) | 10.2 | (0.7) | 57.8 | (2.2) | 27.8 | (18.7–39.6) |
| Total | 54.1 | (0.4) | 11.1 | (0.2) | 19.8 | (0.4) | 5.9 | (0.2) | 10.5 | (0.3) | 53.3 | (0.9) | 24.0 | (17.0–34.8) |
Screen+, the proportion of respondents who reported ever having a time lasting several days when they were sad, depressed, or lost all interest in their usual activities; Lifetime prevalence, the proportion of respondents who met criteria for major depressive episode (MDE) at any time in their life; Lifetime/screen+, lifetime prevalence of MDE among respondents with a positive lifetime screen; 12-month prevalence, the proportion of respondents who met criteria for MDE at any time in the 12 months before interview; 12-month/screen+, 12-month prevalence of MDE among respondents with a positive lifetime screen; 12-month/lifetime, 12-month prevalence of MDE among respondents with lifetime MDE.
IQR, interquartile range
The World Bank Development Index was used to distinguishing high from low-middle income countries (www.worldbank/indicators).
PRC, Peoples Republic of China
A version of this table appeared previously in Bromet E, Andrade LH, Hwang I, Sampson NA, Alonso J, et al. 2011. Cross-national epidemiology of DSM-IV major depressive episode. BMC Med 9: 90, © 2011 Bromet et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. Used with permission.