Table 5.
Associations (incidence density ratios [IDR]) of 12-month DSM-IV/CIDI bulimia nervosa (BN), binge-eating disorder (BED), and other 12-month mental and chronic physical disorders with numbers of days in the past 30 having impairments in role performance (n = 22 635)a
| Days completely out of role | Cutback days | Extreme effort days | Total days with impairment | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IDR | (95% CI) | IDR | (95% CI) | IDR | (95% CI) | IDR | (95% CI) | |
| I. Without controls for comorbid disorders | ||||||||
| BN | 3.6* | (2.6–5.0) | 2.6* | (1.8–3.8) | 3.8* | (2.6–5.5) | 3.3* | (2.5–4.3) |
| BED | 2.4* | (1.8–3.4) | 2.2* | (1.6–3.0) | 2.5* | (1.9–3.4) | 2.4* | (1.9–3.0) |
| II. With controls for comorbid disorders | ||||||||
| BN | 1.3 | (0.9–2.0) | 0.9 | (0.6–1.3) | 1.2 | (0.8–1.7) | 1.2 | (0.9–1.6) |
| BED | 1.3 | (0.9–1.8) | 1.1 | (0.9–1.4) | 1.2 | (0.9–1.5) | 1.2 | (1.0–1.5) |
| III. Other mental disorders | ||||||||
| Major depressive episode | 1.7* | (1.4–2.0) | 1.6* | (1.4–1.9) | 1.9* | (1.6–2.2) | 1.7* | (1.5–1.9) |
| Bipolar disorder | 1.2 | (1.0–1.5) | 1.0 | (0.8–1.3) | 0.9 | (0.7–1.1) | 1.1 | (0.9–1.3) |
| Generalized anxiety disorder | 1.2 | (1.0–1.5) | 1.4* | (1.2–1.7) | 1.3* | (1.1–1.6) | 1.3* | (1.1–1.6) |
| Panic disorder | 1.4* | (1.1–1.8) | 1.1 | (0.9–1.2) | 1.2 | (1.0–1.4) | 1.3* | (1.1–1.4) |
| Social phobia | 1.1 | (0.9–1.3) | 1.3* | (1.1–1.5) | 1.4* | (1.1–1.6) | 1.2* | (1.0–1.4) |
| Specific phobia | 1.4* | (1.1–1.7) | 1.2* | (1.1–1.4) | 1.5* | (1.2–1.8) | 1.3* | (1.1–1.5) |
| Post-traumatic stress disorder | 1.3* | (1.0–1.6) | 1.3* | (1.1–1.6) | 1.2* | (1.0–1.5) | 1.3* | (1.1–1.5) |
| Intermittent explosive disorder | 1.0 | (0.7–1.3) | 1.3 | (1.0–1.8) | 1.1 | (0.8–1.5) | 1.1 | (0.9–1.3) |
| Alcohol abuse/dependence | 1.3 | (1.0–1.7) | 1.2 | (1.0–1.5) | 1.3 | (1.0–1.6) | 1.3* | (1.0–1.5) |
| Drug abuse/dependence | 1.5 | (1.0–2.1) | 1.2 | (0.9–1.6) | 1.5* | (1.1–2.1) | 1.4* | (1.1–1.8) |
| IV. Chronic physical disorders | ||||||||
| Insomnia | 1.2 | (1.0–1.4) | 1.4* | (1.2–1.6) | 1.5* | (1.3–1.9) | 1.3* | (1.2–1.5) |
| Chronic headaches | 1.1 | (1.0–1.4) | 1.4* | (1.2–1.6) | 1.3* | (1.2–1.5) | 1.3* | (1.1–1.4) |
| Arthritis | 1.1 | (0.9–1.3) | 1.3* | (1.2–1.5) | 1.4* | (1.2–1.6) | 1.2* | (1.1–1.3) |
| Musculoskeletal | 2.3* | (1.9–2.7) | 2.1* | (1.8–2.4) | 2.3* | (2.0–2.7) | 2.2* | (2.0–2.4) |
| Cardiovascular | 1.4* | (1.2–1.6) | 1.4* | (1.2–1.7) | 1.4* | (1.2–1.6) | 1.4* | (1.2–1.6) |
| Respiratory | 1.1 | (0.9–1.2) | 1.2* | (1.0–1.3) | 1.1* | (1.0–1.3) | 1.1* | (1.0–1.2) |
| Diabetes | 1.6* | (1.3–2.0) | 1.2 | (1.0–1.5) | 1.3* | (1.0–1.7) | 1.5* | (1.2–1.7) |
| Digestive | 1.4* | (1.1–1.8) | 1.3* | (1.0–1.6) | 1.3 | (1.0–1.7) | 1.3* | (1.1–1.6) |
| Neurological | 1.3 | (1.0–1.9) | 1.4* | (1.1–1.9) | 1.6* | (1.1–2.3) | 1.4* | (1.1–1.7) |
| Cancer | 1.2 | (0.9–1.5) | 1.2 | (1.0–1.5) | 1.2 | (0.9–1.5) | 1.2 | (1.0–1.4) |
*Significant at the 0.05 level, two-sided test.
a
Based on multivariate Poisson regression models with controls for age at interview, sex, education, parents' education, employment status and country. A total of 23 000 respondents were assessed for eating disorders in the 12 WMH surveys considered here, but the respondents included in the analysis are limited to the 22 635 with complete data on education, marital status, employment status and earnings.