Table 3. Associations of the MTO interventions with 12-month DSM-IV/CIDI disorders among long-term evaluation sample adolescent boys and girls combineda.
| Low-poverty Voucher Group (n=1,424) |
Traditional Voucher Group (n=1,074) |
Control Group (n=1,173) |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Est | (95% CI) | Est | (95% CI) | Est | (95% CI) | |
|
| ||||||
| I. Major Depressive Disorder | ||||||
| Absolute Risk (%) | 6.8 | (-12.0-25.6) | 6.1 | (-20.1-32.4) | 7.1 | (-21.8-35.9) |
| Absolute Risk Reduction (%) | 0.3 | (-27.0-27.6) | 1.0 | (-30.7-32.7) | ||
| Odds Ratio | 1.0 | (0.6-1.4) | 0.9 | (0.6-1.3) | 1.0 | -- |
| P value b | 0.84 | 0.70 | ||||
| (n) c | (98) | (66) | (84) | |||
| II. Panic Disorder | ||||||
| Absolute Risk (%) | 3.1 | (2.2-4.1) | 4.1 | (2.8-5.3) | 4.7 | (3.2-6.1) |
| Absolute Risk Reduction (%) | 1.5 | (-0.2-3.3) | 0.6 | (-1.6-2.8) | ||
| Odds Ratio | 0.7 | (0.4-1.1) | 0.9 | (0.5-1.5) | 1.0 | -- |
| P value b | 0.17 | 0.70 | ||||
| (n) c | (52) | (44) | (58) | |||
| III. Posttraumatic stress disorder | ||||||
| Absolute Risk (%) | 7.2 | (5.7-8.6) | 4.7 | (3.6-5.8) | 4.2 | (3.2-5.2) |
| Absolute Risk Reduction (%) | -3.0 | (-4.5- -1.5) | -0.5 | (-1.9-1.0) | ||
| Odds Ratio | 1.8 | (1.2-2.7) | 1.1 | (0.7-1.8) | 1.0 | -- |
| P value b | 0.03 | 0.70 | ||||
| (n) c | (105) | (54) | (48) | |||
| IV. Oppositional-defiant disorder | ||||||
| Absolute Risk (%) | 6.2 | (4.8-7.6) | 8.8 | (7.5-10.0) | 8.2 | (6.3-10.1) |
| Absolute Risk Reduction (%) | 1.9 | (-0.1-4.0) | -0.6 | (-2.8-1.6) | ||
| Odds Ratio | 0.7 | (0.5-1.1) | 1.1 | (0.8-1.5) | 1.0 | -- |
| P value b | 0.17 | 0.70 | ||||
| (n) c | (97) | (89) | (98) | |||
| V. Intermittent explosive disorder | ||||||
| Absolute Risk (%) | 13.6 | (11.5-15.8) | 15.4 | (13.4-17.3) | 16.7 | (14.9-18.6) |
| Absolute Risk Reduction (%) | 3.1 | (-0.2-6.4) | 1.3 | (-1.3-4.0) | ||
| Odds Ratio | 0.8 | (0.6-1.0) | 0.9 | (0.7-1.2) | 1.0 | -- |
| P value b | 0.13 | 0.70 | ||||
| (n) c | (202) | (161) | (196) | |||
| VI. Conduct Disorder | ||||||
| Absolute Risk (%) | 3.9 | (3.0-4.9) | 2.2 | (1.0-3.4) | 2.5 | (1.5-3.5) |
| Absolute Risk Reduction (%) | -1.4 | (-2.7- -0.1) | 0.3 | (-1.2-1.8) | ||
| Odds Ratio | 1.6 | (1.0-2.6) | 0.9 | (0.5-1.7) | 1.0 | -- |
| P value b | 0.13 | 0.70 | ||||
| (n) c | (55) | (21) | (28) | |||
Abbreviations: MTO, Moving to Opportunity; DSM, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition; CIDI, Composite International Diagnostic Interview.
Based on a series of logistic regression equations comparing respondents in the Low-poverty and Traditional voucher intervention groups with respondents in the Control group ignoring whether or not intervention families used their vouchers. The equations are based on multiply-imputed data (described in the text) to adjust for the fact that 22.2% of eligible baseline respondents did not participate in the long-term evaluation survey.
The P values evaluate the significance of odds-ratios using the Benjamini-Hochberg method33 to adjust for the false discovery rate. These P values are higher than those implied by the 95% CIs, as the latter are based on models for separate outcomes.
The n's are the mean number of respondents in the group with the outcome averaged across the 20 multiply imputed pseudo-samples.