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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Jul 16.
Published in final edited form as: Obesity (Silver Spring). 2014 Mar 27;22(7):1731–1738. doi: 10.1002/oby.20742

TABLE 1.

Characteristics of HAPO participants with term birthsa

Maternal characteristics Mean SD
Age at OGTT, years 30.4 5.67
Height at OGTT, cm 162.5 6.81
Fasting plasma glucose, mg/dl (mmol/l) 82.5 (4.6) 6.86 (0.38)
One hour plasma glucose, mg/dl (mmol/l) 132.6 (7.4) 30.45 (1.69)
Two hour plasma glucose, mg/dl (mmol/l) 109.7 (6.1) 23.06 (1.28)
OGTT z-score sum 0.0 2.42
Mean arterial pressure at OGTT, mmHg 83.0 7.87
Pre-pregnancy BMI, kg/m2 25.0 5.37
Weight gain from pre-pregnancy to last prenatal visit, lbs (kg) 34.6 (15.7) 14.09 (6.39)
Pre-pregnancy BMI category N %
Underweight (<18.5 kg/m2) 179 3.4
Normal weight (18.5–24.9 kg/m2) 3013 56.9
Overweight (25.0–29.9 kg/m2) 1322 25.0
Obese (≥30 kg/m2) 783 14.8
Race
White 2658 50.2
Black 429 8.1
Hispanic 1742 32.9
Asian 343 6.5
Other 125 2.4
Alcohol use during pregnancy (any) 174 3.3
Smoking during pregnancy (any) 240 4.5
Family history of diabetes 1196 22.6
Hospitalization prior to delivery 159 3.0
Parity
0 2532 47.8
1 1692 31.9
2 or more 1073 20.3
Field center
Bellflower, CA 1706 32.2
Chicago, IL 621 11.7
Providence, RI 572 10.8
Cleveland, OH 650 12.3
Toronto, ON 1748 33.0

Newborn characteristics Mean SD
Birthweight, g 3467.6 463.17
Body fat, % (N=4142) 12.4 3.54
Sum of skin folds, mm (N=4213) 13.4 2.76
Cord blood C-peptide, μg/l (nmol/l) (N=4537) 1.0 (0.3) 0.54 (0.18)
Gestational age at OGTT, weeks 27.6 1.70
Gestational age at delivery, weeks 39.7 1.16
Gestational age at last prenatal weight, weeks 39.0 1.38
Difference between gestational age at delivery and last prenatal weight, days 5.1 4.95
Gender N %
Male 2749 51.9
Female 2548 48.1

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; N, number of participants with characteristic; OGTT, oral glucose tolerance test; %, percent of participants with characteristic; SD, standard deviation.

a

N =5297