TABLE 3.
Association between gestational weight gain category and outcomes
| IOM GWG category | N | >90th Percentile (%) | Model Ia,b
|
Model IIa
|
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | |||
| Sum of skin folds >90th percentile | ||||||
| Does not meet | 501 | 25 (5.0) | 0.85 | 0.54, 1.35 | 0.82 | 0.51, 1.30 |
| Meets (reference) | 1345 | 78 (5.8) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Exceeds | 2367 | 298 (12.6) | 2.34 | 1.81, 3.03 | 1.90 | 1.45, 2.50 |
| Total | 4213 | 401 (9.5) | ||||
| Birthweight >90th percentile | ||||||
| Does not meet | 616 | 22 (3.6) | 0.66 | 0.41, 1.06 | 0.64 | 0.40, 1.04 |
| Meets (reference) | 1689 | 90 (5.3) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Exceeds | 2992 | 396 (13.2) | 2.71 | 2.14, 3.44 | 2.32 | 1.81, 2.98 |
| Total | 5297 | 508 (9.6) | ||||
| Percent body fat >90th percentile | ||||||
| Does not meet | 496 | 17 (3.4) | 0.61 | 0.35, 1.04 | 0.57 | 0.33, 0.98 |
| Meets (reference) | 1322 | 73 (5.5) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Exceeds | 2324 | 306 (13.2) | 2.59 | 1.99, 3.38 | 2.29 | 1.73, 3.01 |
| Total | 4142 | 396 (9.6) | ||||
| Cord serum C-peptide >90th percentile | ||||||
| Does not meet | 526 | 35 (6.7) | 1.33 | 0.88, 2.02 | 1.23 | 0.80, 1.89 |
| Meets (reference) | 1444 | 72 (5.0) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Exceeds | 2567 | 234 (9.1) | 1.86 | 1.42, 2.45 | 1.51 | 1.13, 2.01 |
| Total | 4537 | 341 (7.5) | ||||
Abbreviations: >90th percentile, number of participants with outcome in each GWG category; %, percent of participants with outcome in each GWG category; 95% CI, 95% Confidence Interval; GWG, gestational weight gain; N, number of participants in each GWG category; OR, odds ratio.
Model I for sum of skin folds >90th percentile, birth weight >90th percentile, and percent body fat >90th percentile is considered adjusted for gender of infant, race, parity, and study center.
Model I for cord serum C-peptide >90th percentile is adjusted for study center.
Model II is adjusted for gender of infant, race, parity, study center, pre-pregnancy BMI, maternal age, OGTT z-score sum, alcohol use during pregnancy, smoking during pregnancy, family history of diabetes, hospitalization pre-delivery, gestational age at last prenatal weight, gestational age at OGTT, mean arterial pressure at OGTT, and maternal height.