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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 2014 Apr 7;40(4):1181–1203. doi: 10.1037/a0036396

Table 2.

a: Condition means on the target word

Fixation time measures Probabilities

Preview First fixation duration Gaze duration Go-past time Total viewing time Skipping probability Probability of regressions out
Identical 235 (73) 250 (95) 283 (162) 275 (143) 0.52 (0.5) 0.05 (0.22)
high Alternative 244 (67) 261 (95) 327 (192) 303 (155) 0.47 (0.5) 0.08 (0.28)
Dissimilar 272 (80) 294 (99) 354 (199) 321 (141) 0.46 (0.5) 0.09(0.28)

Identical 241 (69) 270 (107) 306 (165) 305 (156) 0.49(0.5) 0.048 (0.21)
low Alternative 259 (80) 296 (112) 355 (211) 334 (166) 0.54(0.5) 0.07 (0.26)
Dissimilar 266 (77) 300 (115) 354 (194) 332 (161) 0.41(0.49) 0.08 (0.28)
b: LMM analyses on the target word. Each column represents a model.
First fixation duration Gaze duration Go-past time Total viewing time Skipping probability

B SE t B SE t b SE t B SE t b SE z
(Intercept) 251.49 6.61 38.03 277.25 8.42 32.91 328.40 10.48 31.33 305.87 11.27 27.13 −0.03 0.15 −0.19

Preview Alternative vs. Identical 15.53 4.94 3.14 19.91 7.61 2.62 46.29 13.20 3.51 28.23 8.71 3.24 −0.01 0.10 −0.08
Dissimilar vs. Alternative 13.23 4.93 2.68 17.34 6.86 2.53 12.51 14.71 0.85 7.77 8.43 0.92 −0.31 0.11 2.72

Sentence frame High vs. Low 8.15 4.44 1.84 24.29 6.44 3.77 16.54 11.28 1.47 28.96 6.97 4.16 0.00 0.10 0.04

Interactions Alternative vs. Identical × Sentence frame 6.35 9.25 0.69 11.79 13.00 0.91 −2.36 24.90 −0.09 −5.52 17.38 −0.32 0.52 0.21 2.50
Dissimilar vs. Alternative × Sentence frame −17.20 9.01 −1.91 −25.47 12.59 2.02 −21.08 24.19 −0.87 −13.89 16.53 −0.84 −0.61 0.21 2.91
c: LMM analyses on the target word by sentence frame. Each column represents a model.
Sentence frames with
high-frequency target words only
Gaze duration Skipping probability

b SE t b SE z
(Intercept) 266.51 8.19 32.56 −0.03 0.17 −0.18

Preview Alternative vs. Identical 12.77 8.60 1.49 −0.29 0.17 −1.69
Dissimilar vs. Alternative 29.12 8.43 3.46 0.00 0.18 −0.02
Sentence frames with
low-frequency target words only
Gaze duration Skipping probability

b SE t b SE z
(Intercept) 289.40 9.96 29.06 −0.07 0.14 −0.52

Preview Alternative vs. Identical 25.52 11.73 2.18 0.25 0.15 1.64
Dissimilar vs. Alternative 4.44 10.95 0.41 −0.62 0.15 4.17

Standard deviations are in parentheses.

b: Regression coefficient, SE: standard error, t or z: test statistic (b/SE). Cells with |t| or |z| >= 1.96 are marked in bold.