Table 2.

Diagnostic clinical and microscopic features of LCH

Clinical features Orbital mass (typically superior or superior-temporal) (Fig. 1, 3, 5) Bony erosions (Fig. 1–5) Proptosis, impaired ocular movement, ptosis, erythematous swelling

Histologic features (Fig. 1–5) Pathologic Langerhans cells Giant cells (Fig. 1, 3) Eosinophils (not mandatory) (Fig. 4) Lymphocytes, plasma cells, PMNs, macrophages, erythrocytes

Immunohistochemistry S100 (Fig. 5) CD1a (Fig. 5)

Transmission Electron Microscopy Birbeck granules (Fig. 1, 5)