Table 1.

Patient Demographics

	6-Week Time Point		12-Week Time Point
	GBR	TRC	GBR	TRC
% Female	66.7	50	50	50
Ethnicity	6 Caucasians	1 Asian, 5 Caucasians	1 African American, 4 Caucasians, 1 Hispanic	1 African American, 5 Caucasians
Mean age (range, years)	53 (38–62)	48 (31–57)	53 (46–63)	44 (38–56)
Maxillary/mandibular teeth	4/2	4/2	5/1	5/1
Reason for extraction	Fractured tooth = 5	Fractured tooth = 4	Fractured tooth = 4	Fractured tooth = 4
	Periodontal disease = 1	Periodontal disease = 1	Periodontal disease = 0	Periodontal disease = 1
	Tooth decay = 0	Tooth decay = 1	Tooth decay = 2	Tooth decay = 1
Number of patients with bone defect present at time of extraction	3	4	4	4
Mean implant diameter (range, mm)	4.5 (3.7–4.7)	4.2 (3.7–4.7)	4.2 (3.7–4.7)	4.4 (3.7–4.7)
Mean implant length (range, mm)	12.0 (10–13)	12.3 (10–13)	11.5 (10–13)	12.3 (10–13)
Mean (keratinized) gingival thickness, mm (SD)	1.8 (1.2)	1.5 (0.5)	1.8 (0.7)	1.1 (0.2)
Mean (keratinized) gingival tissue width, mm (SD)	4.8 (2.9)	3.8 (0.7)	5.2 (1.2)	4.7 (1.8)

GBR, guided bone regeneration; TRC, tissue repair cell.