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Chronic drug studies in esophageal achalasia
| Author | Drug | n | % efficacy | Follow-up (mo) |
| Yon (1975) | Anticholinergics | 7 | 14 | 12 |
| Gelfond (1981) | Isosorbide | 24 | 79 | 2-19 |
| Silverstein (1982) | Diltiazem | 8 | 50 | 6 |
| Gelfond (1982) | Nifedipine | 15 | 53 | 8-14 |
| Traube (1983) | Nifedipine | 14 | 65-80 | 6 |
| Maksimak (1986) | Nifedipine | 4 | LES decrease | 3-6 |
| Garia (1987) | Nifedipine | 20 | LES decrease | 4 |
| Coccia (1992) | Nifedipine | 14 | 77 | 21 |
