Table 1. Basic Characteristics for temporal sequence analyses.
Variable (unit) | Mean | SD | Skewness | Kurtosis | n |
Waist (cm) | |||||
In 2001 | 84.1 | 12.3 | 0.74 | 3.59 | 2253 |
In 2007 | 88.6 | 13.5 | 0.71 | 3.78 | 2181 |
In 2011 | 91.9 | 14.2 | 0.72 | 3.98 | 2051 |
BMI (kg/m2) | |||||
In 2001 | 25.1 | 4.4 | 1.15 | 5.30 | 2276 |
In 2007 | 26.0 | 4.8 | 1.27 | 6.29 | 2170 |
In 2011 | 26.5 | 5.1 | 1.26 | 5.87 | 2049 |
TV time (h/day) | |||||
In 2001 | 1.9 | 1.2 | 1.05 | 6.01 | 2594 |
In 2007 | 1.8 | 1.1 | 1.40 | 8.47 | 2224 |
In 2011 | 1.9 | 1.2 | 2.02 | 15.45 | 1970 |
All skewnesses and kurtoses are statistically significantly different from those of the Normal distribution (skewness = 0, kurtosis = 3), at the 0.001 significance level, and therefore non-Gaussian as required by the pairwise causality estimates.
Waist = Waist circumference.
BMI = Body mass index.
SD = Standard deviation.
n = All available observations for the variable in question.