Table 6. Numbers of recovered ungulate skeletal elements and damaged bones in the aggregated bear-modified assemblage (by observation [OB] and anatomical segments [defined in the text]).
Size categories | Carcass | Observation | Recovered bones | Damaged bones (%) | ||||||||||||
Skull | Axial | Girdle | Limbs | Basipod | Acropod | Pat/Sesam | Skull | Axial | Girdle | Limbs | Basipod | Acropod | Pat/Sesam | |||
Large size | Horse | OB 1S | 3 | 33 | 4 | 10 | 26 | 12 | 8 | 2 (66.67) | 29 (87.88) | 4 (100.0) | 4 (40.00) | – | – | – |
Cattle | OB 7S | – | 42 | 2 | – | – | – | – | – | 36 (85.71) | 2 (100.0) | – | – | – | – | |
Medium size | Red deer | OB 4S | – | 10 | – | – | – | – | – | – | 10 (100.0) | – | – | – | – | – |
OB 6S | 3 | 32 | 2 | 14 | 24 | 24 | 9 | – | 24 (75.00) | – | 7 (50.00) | – | – | 1 (11.11) | ||
OB 15S | 3 | 48 | 4 | 12 | 18 | 32 | 16 | – | 40 (83.33) | 4 (100.0) | 3 (25.00) | – | – | – | ||
OB 16S | 2 | 38 | 3 | 9 | 15 | 12 | – | – | 38 (100.0) | 3 (100.0) | 2 (22.22) | – | – | – | ||
Small size | Roe deer | OB 2UNK | 3 | 32 | 2 | 8 | 13 | 5 | 6 | – | 20 (62.50) | – | 1 (12.50) | – | – | – |
OB 3UNK | 1 | 51 | 4 | – | – | – | – | – | 5 (9.80) | – | – | – | – | – | ||
OB 5UNK | 1 | 6 | – | – | – | – | – | 1(100.0) | 5 (83.33) | – | – | – | – | – | ||
Sheep | OB 8P | 3 | 50 | – | 4 | 6 | 6 | 4 | – | 36 (72.00) | – | 2 (50.00) | – | – | – | |
OB 9P | – | 46 | – | – | – | – | – | – | 43 (93.48) | – | – | – | – | – | ||
OB 10P | 1 | 15 | 2 | 1 | – | – | – | 1(100.0) | 15 (100.0) | 2 (100.0) | 1 (100.0) | – | – | – | ||
OB 11P | 3 | 53 | 4 | 14 | 22 | 24 | 10 | – | 12 (22.64) | 1 (25.00) | – | – | – | – | ||
OB 13P | 3 | 52 | 3 | 14 | 24 | 24 | 17 | – | 34 (65.38) | 2 (66.67) | 1 (7.14) | – | – | – | ||
OB 14P | – | 47 | 2 | 4 | 6 | 6 | 4 | – | 34 (72.34) | 2 (100.0) | – | – | – | – | ||
OB17P | 1 | 44 | – | – | – | – | – | 1(100.0) | 38 (86.36) | – | – | – | – | – | ||
Goat | OB 12P | 3 | 47 | 2 | – | – | – | – | – | 40 (85.11) | 2 (100.0) | – | – | – | – | |
Total | 30 | 646 | 34 | 90 | 154 | 145 | 74 | 5(16.67) | 459 (71.05) | 22 (64.71) | 21 (23.33) | – | – | 1 (1.35) |
Abbreviations: Basipod = basipodials; Acrop = acropodials; Pat/Sesam = patella/sesamoids. Superscripts refer to the type of access to carcasses by bears: S = Scavenging (OBs 1, 6 and 7 correspond to ungulate natural deaths and; OBs 4, 15 and 16 to Roadkills); P = Predation (OBs 8–14 and 17); UNK = Unknown (OBs 2, 3 and 5) (see Table 1 for more details).