Table 2.
Associations between childhood family income trajectory and adolescent smoking and alcohol consumption at age 15 years.
| Ever-Smoker (0=No; 1=Yes) |
Smoking Past Year (0=No; 1=Yes) |
Alcohol Past-Year (0=No; 1=Yes) |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||||||
| B (unstandardized) |
OR (95% CI) |
p | B (unstandardized) |
OR (95% CI) |
p | B (unstandardized) |
OR (95% CI) |
p | |
| Race/Ethnicity (1=White; 2=Non-White) |
−.28 | .75 (.48, 1.18) |
.216 | −.229 | .80 (.47, 1.35) |
.395 | −.12 | .89 (.59, 1.35) |
.589 |
| Gender (1= Male; 2=Female) |
−.05 | .95 (.66, 1.37) |
.778 | −.184 | .83 (.54, 1.28) |
.405 | −2.43 | .78 (.57, 1.08) |
.141 |
| Income-to-Needs Ratio (1 month of age) |
−.06 | .94 (.84, 1.06) |
.290 | −.076 | .93 (.81, 1.07) |
.282 | .07 | 1.07 (.99, 1.16) |
.099 |
| Income-to-Needs Ratio (15 years of age) |
−.01 | 1.01 (.97, 1.06) |
.624 | .011 | 1.01 (1.96, 1.07) |
.671 | .01 | 1.01 (.98, 1.05) |
.397 |
| Maternal Smoking (0=Never smoked; 1=Ever Smoked) |
−.40 | .67 (.46, .97) |
.036 | −.445 | .64 (.41, .996) |
.048 | - | - | - |
| Maternal Alcohol Consumption (0=Never drank; 1=Ever drank) |
- | - | - | - | - | - | −.22 | .80 (.51, 1.24) |
.320 |
|
| |||||||||
| Family Income Trajectory (Ref = Class 5 [Stable Adequate]) |
- | - | .023 | - | - | .114 | - | - | .008 |
| Class 1 (Stable Low) | .72 | 2.05 (1.02, 4.10) |
.043 | .38 | 1.46 (.63, 3.39) |
.381 | .20 | 1.22 (.65, 2.32) |
.537 |
| Class 2 (Unstable → Low) | 1.07 | 2.93 (1.50, 5.71) |
.002 | .81 | 2.26 (1.02, 4.99) |
.045 | 1.05 | 2.86 (1.58, 5.17) |
.001† |
| Class 3 (Low → Adequate) | .77 | 2.17 (1.10, 4.26) |
.025 | .84 | 2.33 (1.07, 5.03) |
.032 | .57 | 1.78 (.97, 3.25) |
.063 |
| Class 4 (Unstable → Adequate) | .61 | 1.84 (1.08, 3.14) |
.026 | .64 | 1.89 (1.01, 3.54) |
.045 | .33 | 1.39 (.87, 2.21) |
.167 |
†
Class 5 is the reference group in the analyses that are presented in this table, but please note that class 2 also differed significantly from classes 1 and 4 in the likelihood of past-year alcohol use (p’s<.05).