Fig. 1.
Participant enrollment and follow-up. Participant enrollment occurred between November 2008 and July 2010 (over 21 months). In 19 pairs who refused, reasons for refusal include: “too busy” (n=10, 53%), “feel stressed” (n=4, 21%), “other family members disagree” (n=2, 10.5%), “not interested” (n=2, 10.5%), and “do not feel comfortable” (n=1, 5%). a A total of 38 caregivers and 32 patients participated in data collection because: a caregiver skipped measurement (n=1); patients were unable to answer (n=5, RASS score −3 to −1); a patient refused to answer (n=1). b A total of 29 caregivers and 28 patients participated in data collection because: missing data occurred because: caregivers skipped measurement (n=2); a patient was unable to answer (n=1, RASS score −3 to −1); patients refused to answer (n=2). c A total of 26 caregivers and 26 patients participated in data collection because: missing data occurred because: a caregiver was unavailable (n=1); a patient refused to answer (n=1). ICU = intensive care unit; RASS = Richmond Agitation Sedation Score.