Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of Health Plans and Women Randomized by Plan Location and Intervention Group
| Kaiser Permanente Northwest | Kaiser Permanente Georgia | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Self-Referral Only | Self-Referral With Patient Educational Materials | Usual Care | Self-Referral Only | Self-Referral with Patient Educational Materials | Usual Care | |
| Patient Characteristics | ||||||
| N | 3,218 | 3,752 | 1,909 | 1,041 | 995 | 1,213 |
| Age at randomization, years (mean± SD) | 73.8 ± 7.0 | 73.3 ± 6.9 | 73.4 ± 6.8 | 73.7 ± 6.7 | 73.5 ± 6.6 | 73.1 ± 6.3 |
| 65-74 (%) | 61.3 | 64.3 | 64.1 | 58.0 | 60.1 | 62.0 |
| 75-84 (%) | 29.2 | 27.7 | 27.8 | 33.7 | 32.3 | 31.8 |
| ≥ 85 (%) | 9.5 | 8.0 | 8.1 | 8.3 | 7.6 | 6.2 |
| Race/Ethnicity | ||||||
| White (%) | 77.1 | 84.8 | 84.4 | 40.9 | 32.7 | 41.5 |
| Black (%) | 3.2 | 0.8 | 0.5 | 36.6 | 45.5 | 36.0 |
| Other† (%) | 19.7 | 14.4 | 15.1 | 22.4 | 21.8 | 22.5 |
| Charlson co-morbidity index (51) | ||||||
| 0 (%) | 54.3 | 57.1 | 53.2 | 48.6 | 48.6 | 51.0 |
| 1 (%) | 17.1 | 16.0 | 17.7 | 17.7 | 17.7 | 20.0 |
| ≥ 2 (%) | 28.6 | 26.9 | 29.1 | 33.7 | 33.7 | 29.0 |
| Number of medications in the prior 12 months (mean ± SD) | 6.9 ± 5.5 | 6.9 ± 5.7 | 6.9 ± 5.4 | 7.4 ± 5.6 | 7.0 ± 5.4 | 6.9 ± 5.4 |
| Primary care clinic visits in prior 12 months (mean ± SD, Range) | 2.4 ± 2.4 (1-6) | 2.5 ± 2.8 (1-5) | 2.5 ± 2.4 (1-5) | 2.2 ± 2.0 (1-3) | 2.3 ± 1.9 (1-3) | 1.9 ± 1.7 (1-3) |
| Seen by a rheumatologist or an endocrinologist in the prior 12 months (%) | 1.1 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 2.3 | 1.4 | 2.2 |
| Health Plan Characteristic | ||||||
| Number of Primary Care Clinic Sites | 5 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
| Number of DXA Facilities* | 4 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| DXA Screening Rates at Baseline (%) | 6.6 | 9.0 | 5.5 | 8.5 | 6.8 | 7.8 |
| Mean Distance from the primary care clinic to the nearest DXA facility, miles (mean ± SD) | 11.0 ± 13.2 | 9.5 ± 3.4 | 6.1 ± 4.0 | 15.4 ± 7.9 | 13.1 ± 8.1 | 14.6 ± 6.9 |
*
Represents the number of Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) Facilities available to the entire Kaiser Permanente region not just the clinics randomized to a particular study arm.
†
Includes unknown race/ethnicity (range 11% - 21%).