Fig. (1).

Putative mechanisms of IP cascade during the first window of ischemic protection. Ischemia causes the production of some metabolites that, in turn, activate Protein Kinase C. This leads to activation of several cell kinases, such as Tyrosine kinase and MAPK. An unknown effector (possibly mitochondrial KATP channels) is downstream of this cascade. Redox signalling due to reactive oxygen and nitrogen species production also contributes by preventing mPTP opening during reperfusion. See text for more details.