Hemodynamic and coronary response to experiment 1 (n = 9). Lidocaine trials (dashed line with white diamonds) and control trials (solid line with black squares) were performed on separate days. In response to the Cold + Grip protocol, lidocaine had no effect on mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate [HR, in bpm (beats/min)], rate-pressure product (RPP), or coronary blood flow velocity (CBV). Data are means ± SE.