Mechanical ventilation (MV) induced autophagy activation in mouse lungs. Western blot analysis of lung homogenates was performed to determine the level of LC3-II (autophagy marker). A: mechanical ventilation induced autophagy activation. Mice were ventilated with a high tidal volume (28 ml/kg) for the indicated time (n = 3 for each time point). Top, representative Western blots for LC3-I and LC3-II; bottom, bar graph showing the relative abundance of LC3-II protein (normalized to that of GAPDH) from 3 experiments. B: mechanical ventilation induced autophagy activation in a tidal volume-dependent manner. Mice were ventilated with different tidal volumes (7–28 ml/kg) for 2 h (n = 3 for each tidal volume). Top, representative Western blots for LC3-II; bottom, bar graph showing the relative abundance of LC3-II protein (normalized to that of GAPDH) from 3 experiments. *P <0.05 vs. nonventilated group. CON, control.