Table 1.

Relationships between childhood trauma and stages of addictions divided by substance class.

	Initiation		Regular use	Pathology		Quit	Relapse
	Risk	Age	Risk	Risk	Severity	Odds	Risk	Severity
Nicotine	↑		↑	↑	↑*
Alcohol	↑	↓/↔	↔	↑	↑*/↔		↔
Marijuana	↑/↔	↔	↑	↑
Cocaine	↑		↑	↔			↑**	↑**
Other stimulants	↑	↓	↑	↑
Opiates	↑	↓	↑	↑
Sedatives	↑	↓	↑	↑
Hallucinogens

↑, Increase; ↓, decrease; ↔, no effect; ↑/↔ or ↓/↔, inconsistent findings; blank cell, no data on individual types of substance. *Increased severity with a history of more trauma; **women only.