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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: Am J Ophthalmol. 2014 Apr 29;158(1):118–127.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2014.04.016

FIGURE 1.

FIGURE 1

Odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) of age-related macular degeneration according to quintile groups of two major American dietary pattern scores.

Abbreviation: OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; AMD, age-related macular degeneration.

Participants were divided into quintile categories according to their dietary pattern score and those in the lowest 20% of the distribution comprised the referent category. The multivariate-adjusted logistic models using Group 1 (n = 2,739) as control were adjusted for age, sex, race, education, smoking status, alcohol intake, calorie intake, multivitamin use, body mass index, sunlight exposure, hypertension history, lens opacity, and refractive error. The analysis used 4,599 early AMD eyes (1,801 eyes with intermediate drusen plus 2,798 eyes with large drusen, i.e., Group 2 plus Group 3) and 765 advanced AMD eyes (164 eyes with geographic atrophy plus 601 eyes with choroidal neovascularization, i.e., Group 4 plus Group 5). See AMD grading procedures in METHODS section for the five (Groups 1~5) AMD grouping criteria.