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. 2014 Jul 1;2014:248768. doi: 10.1155/2014/248768

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Copyright © 2014 Miroslava Cedikova et al.

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Oxygen consumption rates in the state S3u in permeabilized spermatozoa. Oxygen consumption rates in the state S3u (ETS) in permeabilized spermatozoa measured under control conditions (control) and with propolis extract added (propolis) in the presence of FCCP and substrates providing electrons to complex I, ETF, and complex II. M = malate, G = glutamate, P = pyruvate, Pcar = palmitoylcarnitine, S = succinate, and complex I inhibitor rotenone (Rot). Oxygen fluxes were corrected for residual oxygen consumption and expressed per IU citrate synthase activity. *P < 0.05, compared to the respective control value.