Table 3.
HR for total mortality according to quintiles of total polyphenol intake (stratified by risk factors)
| Risk factor | No. of deaths | No. of person-years | Multivariable-adjusted HR (95% CI), Quintile 5 vs. 1 * | P -trend | P -interaction |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Sex |
|
|
|
|
|
| Men |
203 |
13,317 |
0.76 (0.46 to 1.26) |
0.23 |
0.39 |
| Women |
124 |
17,751 |
0.42 (0.18 to 0.98) |
0.24 |
|
|
Age, y |
|
|
|
|
|
| <70 |
142 |
21,483 |
0.58 (0.31 to 1.08) |
0.21 |
0.73 |
| ≥70 |
185 |
9,585 |
0.70 (0.39 to 1.24) |
0.34 |
|
|
Alcohol intake |
|
|
|
|
|
| Nondrinkers |
133 |
12,510 |
0.39 (0.17 to 0.90) |
0.04 |
0.16 |
| Drinkers |
194 |
18,558 |
0.99 (0.59 to 1.65) |
0.91 |
|
|
Smoking |
|
|
|
|
|
| Never |
144 |
19,520 |
0.64 (0.31 to 1.32) |
0.47 |
0.93 |
| Former |
111 |
7,465 |
0.52 (0.25 to 1.07) |
0.29 |
|
| Current |
72 |
4,083 |
0.71 (0.29 to 1.75) |
0.21 |
|
|
Physical activity |
|
|
|
|
|
| Less than median |
203 |
16,224 |
0.57 (0.32 to 1.02) |
0.17 |
0.43 |
| More than median |
124 |
14,844 |
0.77 (0.41 to 1.44) |
0.73 |
|
|
Hypertension |
|
|
|
|
|
| Yes |
184 |
12,080 |
0.63 (0.36 to 1.10) |
0.24 |
0.21 |
| No |
134 |
17,721 |
0.82 (0.44 to 1.55) |
0.76 |
|
|
Diabetes mellitus |
|
|
|
|
|
| Yes |
205 |
15,345 |
0.79 (0.47 to 1.33) |
0.92 |
0.52 |
| No |
122 |
15,723 |
0.60 (0.31 to 1.17) |
0.09 |
|
|
Intervention group |
|
|
|
|
|
| MedDiet-EVOO |
113 |
11,478 |
0.67 (0.31 to 1.46) |
0.68 |
0.71 |
| MedDiet-Nuts |
108 |
10,134 |
0.68 (0.34 to 1.35) |
0.81 |
|
| Control Diet | 106 | 9,456 | 0.48 (0.23 to 0.98) | 0.01 |
HR, Hazard ratio; CI, Confidence interval; MedDiet-EVOO, Mediterranean Diet supplemented with extra virgin olive oil; MedDiet-nuts, Mediterranean Diet supplemented with nuts.
*The multivariable HR has been additionally adjusted for age (<60, 60to 4.9, 65 to 69.9, 70 to 74.9, >/=75 years), smoking (never, past and current: cigarettes (<5, 5 to 19, >20 per day) or cigars and pipes (<3, 3 to 6, >6 per day)), BMI (<25, 25 to 29.9, or >/=30 Kg/m2), baseline diabetes, alcohol (0, 0.1 to 14.9, 15 to 29.9, >/=30 g/day), total energy intake (continuous variable), physical activity (continuous variable), family history of CVD or cancer, aspirin use, antihypertensive drug use, use of cardiovascular medication, use of oral hypoglycemic agents, insulin, other medication. Analyses were stratified by sex, recruitment center and intervention group.