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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Feb 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Abnorm Psychol. 2014 Feb;123(1):117–129. doi: 10.1037/a0035328

Table 4. Summary of GEE Models Predicting Subsequent Alcohol Consumption Among Adolescents Fitting Separate Between- and Within-Individual Effects for Momentary Subjective Responses.

95% CI
Model and predictor variables b SE LL UL p
Sedation
 Sex (female) − 0.35 0.18 − 0.70 0.00 .049
 Alcohol dependence 0.68 0.24 0.21 1.16 .005
 Drinking daysa − 0.02 0.01 − 0.04 0.01 .159
 Heavy drinking daysa 0.02 0.01 − 0.01 0.04 .139
 Begin-drink sedation − 0.14 0.09 − 0.30 0.03 .112
 Average end-drink sedationb − 0.16 0.10 − 0.35 0.04 .119
 Momentary end-drink sedationc − 0.01 0.02 − 0.05 0.03 .678
Stimulation
 Sex (female) − 0.58 0.20 − 0.97 − 0.19 .003
 Alcohol dependence 0.73 0.23 0.28 1.18 .001
 Drinking daysa − 0.03 0.02 − 0.07 0.01 .133
 Heavy drinking daysa 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.05 .062
 Begin-drink stimulation 0.08 0.10 − 0.10 0.27 .389
 Average end-drink stimulationb 0.14 0.09 − 0.04 0.32 .137
 Momentary end-drink stimulationc 0.03 0.04 − 0.06 0.11 .530
High
 Sex (female) − 0.17 0.24 − 0.64 0.31 .493
 Alcohol dependence 0.45 0.35 − 0.24 1.15 .201
 Drinking daysa − 0.03 0.01 − 0.06 − 0.01 .020
 Heavy drinking daysa 0.02 0.02 − 0.01 0.06 .228
 Begin-drink high − 0.01 0.05 − 0.12 0.10 .832
 Average end-drink highb − 0.02 0.09 − 0.21 0.16 .794
 Momentary end-drink highc − 0.05 0.01 − 0.07 −0.02 < .001
Alcohol Craving
 Sex (female) − 0.45 0.33 − 1.10 0.21 .180
 Alcohol dependence 0.45 0.34 − 0.23 1.12 .197
 Drinking daysa − 0.04 0.02 − 0.08 − 0.01 .009
 Heavy drinking daysa 0.02 0.02 − 0.01 0.06 .152
 Begin-drink alcohol craving 0.01 0.10 − 0.19 0.21 .936
 Average end-drink cravingb 0.00 0.13 − 0.25 0.24 .981
 Momentary end-drink cravingc 0.05 0.02 0.02 0.09 .006
Multivariate model
 Sex (female) − 0.29 0.35 − 0.98 0.39 .397
 Alcohol dependence 0.41 0.37 − 0.31 1.12 .266
 Drinking daysa − 0.04 0.02 − 0.07 0.00 .029
 Heavy drinking daysa 0.02 0.02 − 0.01 0.05 .255
 Begin-drink high − 0.02 0.06 − 0.13 0.10 .783
 Begin-drink craving 0.02 0.11 − 0.19 0.23 .858
 Average end-drink highb − 0.01 0.09 − 0.18 0.16 .901
 Average end-drink cravingb − 0.01 0.13 − 0.25 0.24 .969
 Momentary end-drink highc − 0.04 0.01 − 0.07 − 0.01 .008
 Momentary end-drink cravingc 0.04 0.02 0.00 0.07 .034

Note: GEE = generalized estimating equation; SE = standard error; CI = confidence interval; LL = lower limit; UL = upper limit;

a

derived from the 90-day Timeline Follow-Back interview conducted at baseline;

b

average subjective response across all momentary end-drink reports during the monitoring period and reflects the between-person effect;

c

person-centered subjective response and reflects the within-person effect.