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. 2014 Jul 17;8(7):e3000. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003000

Figure 1. L. amazonensis amastigotes antagonize macrophage antimicrobial defenses.

Figure 1

Survival of promastigotes (Pm, A) and amastigotes (Am, B) in control MΦs (white symbols/bars) and IFN-γ/LPS-activated MΦs (black symbols/bars). MΦs were activated with LPS (100 ng/mL) and IFN-γ (100 U/mL) for 16 h prior to infection. C) Pm survival in wild-type (WT) and iNOS-deficient (iNOS−/−) control and IFN-γ/LPS-activated MΦs at 2 days post-infection. A–C) Parasite loads determined by qRT-PCR normalizing the constitutively expressed parasite ubiquitin to MΦ Gapdh transcript levels. % survival was calculated comparing the parasite burden at the indicated time relative to the parasite burden after 1 h of internalization (t = 0). All infections were performed with an MOI of 2. The data represent the mean % survival ± SD of 4–8 independent observations from at least 2 separate experiments. ** p<0.01, *** p<0.001 compared to infected controls.