Table 1. Demographic and clinical characteristics of participants (n = 252).
| Variables | N (%) |
| Sex | |
| Male | 162 (64.3) |
| Female | 90 (35.7) |
| Religion | |
| Muslim | 180 (71.4) |
| Christian | 48 (19.1) |
| Other* | 24 (9.5) |
| Ethnic origin | |
| Oromo | 183 (72.6) |
| Southern Ethiopia | 42 (16.7) |
| Others** | 27 (10.7) |
| Educational status | |
| Higher Education | 18 (7.1) |
| High School | 36 (14.3) |
| Elementary | 54 (21.4) |
| Basic | 21 (8.3) |
| Illiterate | 123 (48.8) |
| Previous surgical history | |
| No | 228 (90.5) |
| Yes | 24 (9.5) |
| Surgical Procedures | |
| Urological | 66 (26.2) |
| Abdominal | 90 (35.7) |
| Endocrine | 15 (6.0) |
| Orthopedics | 33 (13.1) |
| Thoracic | 6 (2.4) |
| Skin, Muscle& Soft Tissue | 42 (16.7) |
| Category of surgery | |
| Elective | 198 (78.6) |
| Emergency | 54 (21.4) |
| Anesthesia type | |
| General | 228 (90.5) |
| Spinal | 24 (9.5) |
*Includes: “Waqafata”; those without religion affiliations.
**includes: Tigrai, Amhara, Gambela.