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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Aug 1.
Published in final edited form as: Sex Transm Infect. 2014 Feb 12;90(5):418–422. doi: 10.1136/sextrans-2013-051408

Table 2.

Bivariate GEE analysis off actors associated with pVL suppression in the last 6 months among ART-exposed DU in Vancouver, Canada (n=587)

Characteristic Crude OR (95% CI) p Value
Sex work*
 (yes vs no) 0.50 (0.38 to 0.65) <0.001
Median age
 (≥median vs <median) 3.63 (2.75 to 4.80) <0.001
Gender
 (female vs male) 0.53 (0.41 to 0.69) <0.001
Aboriginal ancestry
 (yes vs no) 0.85 (0.66 to 1.10) 0.229
Homelessness*
 (yes vs no) 0.54 (0.45 to 0.66) <0.001
Illicit drug use*
 Any injection drug use 0.45 (0.33 to 0.61) <0.001
 Any illicit drug use 1.07 (0.75 to 1.54) 0.703
 None 1.00 (reference)
Binge drug use*
 (yes vs no) 0.87 (0.76 to 0.98) 0.027
Current enrolment in MMT
 (yes vs no) 2.14(1.61 to 2.83) <0.001
Incarceration*
 (yes vs no) 0.59 (0.48 to 0.71) <0.001
Year of ART initiation
 (per year increase) 1.08 (1.05 to 1.11) <0.001
ART adherence
 (≥95% vs <95%) 8.84 (7.22 to 10.83) <0.001
PI in first regimen
 (yes vs no) 1.11 (0.86 to 1.44) 0.424
pVL at ART initiation
 (per Iog 10 increase) 0.44 (0.40 to 0.48) <0.001
CD4 cell count*
 (per 100 cells) 1.48 (1.36 to 1.62) <0.001
HIV physician experience
 (per 1000 patients) 1.28 (1.11 to 1.47) <0.001
*

Refers to the 6-month period prior to the interview.

ART, antiretroviral therapy; DU, people who use illicit drugs; GEE, generalised estimating equations; MMT: methadone maintenance therapy; PI: protease inhibitor; pVL, plasma viral load.