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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Feb 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Invest Dermatol. 2014 Jan 27;134(8):2114–2121. doi: 10.1038/jid.2014.43

Fig 1. Increased staphylococcal alpha toxin induced cell death in atopic dermatitis skin.

Fig 1

(A) Panels show skin biopsies from normal and AD patients treated with media or alpha toxin, and stained by H&E. Increased cell damage (indicated by pyknotic cells with reduced cytoplasmic staining) is observed in AD biopsies compared to controls. Scale bar = 50 μm. (B) Quantification of cell death induced by alpha toxin treatment (12.5ng/ml 24 h) in skin biopsies from normal (n = 5) and AD patients (n = 5) was determined by LDH release. The LDH release induced by alpha toxin was calculated by subtracting out the baseline induced by media. Mean percent alpha toxin induced cell death ± SEM in control skin is 3.59% ± 1.20 (* p < .05 as compared to media cultured biopsies): mean alpha toxin induced cell death in AD is 25.9% ± 3.31, and was significantly different from control skin (*** p < 0.001 as compared to media cultured biopsies).