Figure 1. Clioquinol induces LC3-II up-regulation in both leukemia and multiple myeloma cells.
(A), the chemical structures of chloroquine (CHQ), clioquinol (CLQ) and nitroxoline (NXQ). (B), leukemia cell line K562 and multiple myeloma cell line RPMI-8226 were treated with CHQ, CLQ, or NXQ for 12 h, cells were collected and prepared for whole cell lysates followed by immunoblotting against LC3. (C), MM cell lines (RPMI-8226 and OPM2) and leukemia cell lines (OCI-AML2, THP-1 and K562) were treated with clioquinol (CLQ, 0 or 20 μM) for 24 h, cell lysates were then prepared for immunoblotting analysis against LC3. (D), K562 and LP1 cells were exposed to increasing concentrations of CLQ for 24 h followed by LC3 against specific antibodies. (E), OCI-AML2 and LP1 cells were treated with 20 μM of CLQ for 6, 12 or 24 h, followed by LC3 analysis. GAPDH was used as an internal control.