Figure 3.
Cell migration and invasion were suppressed and actin cytoskeletal remodelling was regulated by MTDH expression in vitro. (A) Scratch wound-healing assays. Migratory ranges in MTDH-overexpressing H1299 cells (H1299 MTDH5 and MTDH12) were significantly less than that in parental H1299 control cells. (B) Migratory and invasive abilities of H1299 control and MTDH-overexpressing H1299 (H1299 MTDH5 and MTDH12) and H1650 control and MTDH-overexpressing H1650 cells (H1650 MTDH1 and MTDH2) by transwell assay. Upper panel: After 12 h, cells migrated through the chamber. Lower panel: After 24 h, cells invaded through the chamber with matrigel. (C) The number of migratory and invasive cells in H1299 control and MTDH-overexpressing H1299 and H1650 control and MTDH-overexpressing H1650 cells. The number of migratory and invasive cells through the chamber was significantly decreased in H1299 M5 and M12 cells compared with control cells and in H1650 M1 and M2 cells compared with control cells. Each experiment was repeated at least three times. Data are mean±s.d. **P<0.01, ***P<0.001 compared with control. (D) Morphological appearance of H1299/H1650 control and MTDH-overexpressing H1299/H1650 (H1299 MTDH5 and MTDH12, H1650 MTDH1 and MTDH2) cells. The vector control cells exhibited an elongated, spindle-shaped and mesenchymal-like morphology, while MTDH-overexpressing cells exhibited an epithelial-like polygon appearance, smoother cell edge and increased cell adhesion. (E) Cellular cyto-immunofluorescence. MTDH dominantly existed in cytoplasm. In MTDH-overexpressing cells, F-actin-enriched filopodial extensions were decreased. (F) Enlarged figures of cell structures. Arrowheads: F-actin filaments aggregation and filopodia. F-actin filament aggregation and filopodia in cells' leading edge was significantly decreased in MTDH-overexpressing H1299/H1650 cells. (G) Early cell migration and cell morphology. Arrowheads: distorted and elongated cells at the edge. At 6 h, H1299/H1650 control cells already moved to scratch. (H) F-actin structure of cells at early migration. Upper panel: Actin cytoskeleton of H1299 cells at 6 h after scratch. Pro-metastatic cytoskeleton with actin-rich filopodia was shown in the leading edge of H1299 control cells. Lower panel: Actin cytoskeleton of H1650 cells at 6 h after scratch. Compared with MTDH-overexpressing cells, actin cytoskeleton was remodelled to pro-metastatic, spindle-shaped and mesenchymal-like structure in the leading H1650 control cell. (I) The area of migratory cell at the leading edge. The cell size was significantly increased in MTDH-overexpressing cells. Each experiment was repeated at least three times. Data are mean±s.d. *P<0.05, **P<0.01 compared with control.