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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Jul 18.
Published in final edited form as: J Am Dent Assoc. 2013 Oct;144(10):1154–1163. doi: 10.14219/jada.archive.2013.0034

Table 1.

Baseline characteristics of participants in TMD* pilot study.

CHARACTERISTIC No. (%) OF PARTICIPANTS

RIST (n = 20) Self-Care only (n = 21) AMCT§ (n = 20) Sham AMCT (n = 19)

Demographics
Female 17 (85) 16 (76) 16 (80) 15 (79)
Mean (SD) age, in years 36.9 (13.5) 38.0 (12.7) 31.7 (7.9) 33.1 (11.4)
College education 17 (85) 18 (86) 20 (100) 17 (89)
Current full-time student 6 (30) 1 (5) 6 (30) 5 (26)
Annual income, in dollars
< 20,000 5 (25) 3 (14) 3 (15) 4 (21)
20,000-40,000 4 (20) 3 (14) 7 (35) 4 (21)
> 40,000-60,000 3 (15) 5 (24) 4 (20) 4 (21)
> 60,000-80,000 5 (25) 4 (19) 1 (5) 1 (5)
> 80,000 3 (15) 6 (29) 5 (25) 6 (32)
Race: white 18 (90) 21 (100) 19 (95) 15 (79)
Previous treatment for TMD 6 (30) 6 (29) 3 (15) 9 (47)

TMD Symptoms
Median (IQR#) pain duration, in years 10 (12.5) 10 (11) 7.5 (12.5) 5 (8)
Quality of pain
Persistent 10 (50) 9 (43) 10 (50) 11 (58)
Recurrent 10 (50) 12 (57) 10 (50) 8 (42)
Mean (SD) NRS**: current TMJ††pain 3.7 (1.5) 4.4 (1.4) 4.2 (1.6) 3.5 (1.9)
Mean (SD) NRS: worst pain in previous week 4.0 (1.6) 5.0 (1.5) 4.7 (1.7) 4.4 (1.7)
Mean (SD) NRS: worst pain in 6 months 6.9 (1.6) 7. 4 (1. 6) 7. 5 (2.0) 6 .7 (2.1)
Mean (SD) NRS: mean pain for 6 months 4.2 (1.5) 5.7 (1.9) 4.6 (1.7) 4.5 (2.0)
Mean (SD) OHIP‡‡ 13.2 (8.2) 15.8 (10.8) 12.4 (8.2) 10.7 (7.9)
Mean (SD) bothersomeness index§§ 13.4 (3.6) 13.7 (4.7) 14.0 (3.1) 12.4 (3.6)
*

TMD: Temporomandibular disorder.

Unless otherwise specified.

RIST: Reversible interocclusal splint therapy.

§

AMCT: Activator Method Chiropractic Technique (Activator Methods International, Phoenix).

SD: Standard deviation.

#

IQR: Interquartile range.

**

NRS: Numerical rating scale (0 = no pain and 10 = pain as bad as it can be).

††

TMJ: Temporomandibular joint.

‡‡

OHIP: Oral Health Impact Profile (consisting of 14 items, with responses ranging from 0 [never] to 4 [very often]). Sources: Locker and Slade,21 Slade and Spencer,22 Slade,23 Slade24 and Locker and Allen.25

§§

The maximum score is 25, indicating “extremely bothersome” ratings on five TMD symptoms (adapted from Patrick and colleagues26).