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. 2014 Jul;29(4):250–264. doi: 10.1152/physiol.00059.2013

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©2014 Int. Union Physiol. Sci./Am. Physiol. Soc.

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FIGURE 1. — Vascular endothelial dysfunction and CVD risk with aging

Age-related vascular endothelial dysfunction is characterized by reductions in anti-coagulative, anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory, and vasodilatory processes, all of which increase CVD risk. Nitric oxide (NO)-mediated endothelium-dependent dilation (EDD) in response to blood flow or pharmacological stimuli such as acetylcholine (ACh) is an important physiological indicator of endothelial function. EDD is impaired in older rodents and humans as a result of reduced NO bioavailability.