. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 May 1.

Published in final edited form as: J Educ Psychol. 2014 May 1;106(2):375–389. doi: 10.1037/a0034679

Table 1.

Baseline comparisons between experimental conditions

	Control	VA

Measure	M (SD)	M (SD)	N
Age	19.26 (1.15)	19.27 (1.23)	798
ACT	28.46 (2.77)	28.55 (2.84)	711
Prior Spring GPA	3.23 (.50)	3.20 (.50)	696
Cumulative Credits	46.43 (16.95)	46.78 (15.17)	696
Confidence about Performance	5.77 (.87)	5.71 (.97)	798
Concern about Background	2.76 (1.53)	2.86 (1.59)	796

Year in School	%	%

Freshmen	13.1	12.9
Sophomores	79.8	81.6
Juniors	5.1	3.7
Seniors	2.0	1.7

Note: VA = Values Affirmation condition. There were no significant differences between experimental conditions on any of the baseline measures. The distribution of students’ year in school (freshmen, sophomores, etc.) did not differ by condition, χ2(3, N=798)=.96, p=.81.