TABLE 4—
Meta-analysis Results of Social Media Model of Peer Selection and Influences on Adolescent Smoking and Drinking: Social Network Study, 2010–2011
| Snijders–Baerveldt Method |
Fisher’s Combination 1-Sided Test (df = 10) |
|||||
| Variable | B (SE) | Between-School Differencea | χ2 (Left Side) | P | χ2 (Right Side) | P |
| Network dynamics | ||||||
| Rate friendship | 13.19*** (1.048) | 2.34*** | 0 | > .999 | 2676.61 | < .001 |
| Out-degree (density) | −2.67*** (0.050) | 0.11*** | 31786.19 | < .001 | 0 | > .999 |
| Reciprocity | 1.84*** (0.083) | 0.19*** | 0 | > .999 | 2669.08 | < .001 |
| Transitive triplets | 0.48*** (0.037) | 0.08*** | 0 | > .999 | 1433.43 | < .001 |
| 3 cycles | -0.35*** (0.013) | 0.03 | 210.64 | .001 | 0 | > .999 |
| Female similarity | 0.42*** (0.022) | 0.05 | 0 | > .999 | 393.15 | < .001 |
| Grades similarity | 0.42** (0.056) | 0.12 | 0.01 | > .999 | 83.53 | < .001 |
| Hispanic similarity | 0.17 (0.076) | 0.17*** | 2.33 | .993 | 109.47 | < .001 |
| Online risk picture similarity | 0.06*** (0.007) | 0.01 | 1.60 | .999 | 20.54 | .033 |
| Online party similarity | 0.01 (0.026) | 0.06 | 9.10 | .523 | 12.38 | .261 |
| Facebook similarity | 0.13** (0.019) | 0.04 | 0.41 | > .999 | 40.53 | < .001 |
| MySpace similarity | 0.20** (0.034) | 0.08 | 0.18 | > .999 | 52.82 | < .001 |
| Smoking alter | 0.02 (0.015) | 0.03 | 3.96 | .949 | 15.58 | .112 |
| Smoking ego | -0.02 (0.019) | 0.04 | 15.22 | .124 | 6.00 | .815 |
| Smoking similarity | 0.06 (0.132) | 0.29 | 9.15 | .518 | 14.35 | .158 |
| Drinking alter | 0.05* (0.014) | 0.03 | 0.89 | > .999 | 36.75 | < .001 |
| Drinking ego | 0.04* (0.014) | 0.03 | 2.17 | .995 | 27.45 | .004 |
| Drinking similarity | 0.35* (0.100) | 0.22 | 1.87 | .997 | 48.54 | < .001 |
| Smoking behavior dynamics | ||||||
| Rate smoking | 1.39*** (0.059) | 0.13 | 0 | > .999 | 272.48 | < .001 |
| Linear shape | −1.11*** (0.079) | 0.18 | 217.36 | .001 | 0 | > .999 |
| Quadratic shape | 0.13** (0.022) | 0.05 | 1.17 | > .999 | 26.62 | .003 |
| Average alter smoking | 0.04 (0.204) | 0.46 | 6.83 | .741 | 11.16 | .345 |
| Female | -0.33* (0.120) | 0.27 | 24.85 | .006 | 2.33 | .993 |
| Grades | -0.07* (0.019) | 0.04 | 16.91 | .076 | 2.71 | .987 |
| Parental smoking | 0.24 (0.104) | 0.23 | 3.41 | .97 | 23.99 | .008 |
| Hispanic | 0.04 (0.216) | 0.48 | 8.54 | .576 | 11.61 | .312 |
| Online risky pictures | 0.43 (0.210) | 0.47 | 3.53 | .966 | 26.03 | .004 |
| Online party | -0.01 (0.213) | 0.48* | 12.04 | .283 | 13.50 | .197 |
| 0.02 (0.044) | 0.10 | 7.47 | .68 | 12.68 | .242 | |
| MySpace | -0.02 (0.073) | 0.16 | 13.53 | .196 | 10.36 | .41 |
| Current drinking | 0.16* (0.056) | 0.13 | 2.69 | .988 | 23.34 | .01 |
| Drinking behavior dynamics | ||||||
| Rate drinking | 2.19*** (0.126) | 0.28 | 0 | > .999 | 283.82 | < .001 |
| Linear shape | -0.34** (0.055) | 0.12 | 104.52 | .001 | 0.02 | > .999 |
| Quadratic shape | 0.08 (0.034) | 0.08 | 4.26 | .935 | 31.37 | < .001 |
| Average alter drinking | 0.18 (0.086) | 0.19 | 3.12 | .978 | 18.00 | .055 |
| Female | 0.06 (0.102) | 0.23 | 7.73 | .655 | 15.41 | .118 |
| Grades | < 0.01 (0.010) | 0.02 | 6.92 | .733 | 8.03 | .626 |
| Parental drinking | 0.13 (0.065) | 0.15 | 3.04 | .981 | 25.53 | .004 |
| Hispanic | 0.02 (0.072) | 0.16 | 6.37 | .783 | 10.44 | .403 |
| Online risky pictures | -0.05 (0.072) | 0.16 | 10.68 | .383 | 6.09 | .807 |
| Online party | 0.11 (0.068) | 0.15 | 4.95 | .895 | 14.41 | .155 |
| 0.02 (0.023) | 0.05 | 4.98 | .892 | 14.96 | .134 | |
| MySpace | 0.02 (0.039) | 0.09 | 8.88 | .544 | 14.67 | .145 |
| Current smoking | 0.16* (0.057) | 0.13 | 1.36 | .999 | 38.09 | < .001 |
a
Significance derived from approximate χ2 test (df = 4).
*P < .05; **P < .01; ***P < .001.