Table 1.
Background characteristics of study participants†
| Variable | Stable, n=101 | Decliner, n=21 | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||
| FH positive, % | 68.3 | 66.7 | .883 |
| APOE4 positive, % | 38.6 | 42.9 | .717 |
| Female, % | 73.3 | 57.1 | .140 |
| Caucasian, % | 99.0 | 100.0 | .647 |
| Age | 54.84 (5.97) | 55.12 (5.92) | .843 |
| Education | 15.87 (2.54) | 16.05 (2.29) | .769 |
| Clinical Measures | |||
| MMSE | 29.32 (0.97) | 29.31 (0.97) | .974 |
| CDR Global=0, % | 98.0 | 100.0 | .513 |
| CDR Sum of Boxes | .02 (0.11) | .00 (0.00) | .540 |
| CES-D | 6.59 (7.19) | 4.80 (6.64) | .304 |
| IQCODE | 47.52 (4.84) | 48.53 (3.17) | .304 |
| Vascular Indices | |||
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 27.80 (5.08) | 28.74 (4.81) | .441 |
| Waist-to-hip ratio | .85 (.10) | .86 (.11) | .720 |
| Hypertension, % | 19.8 | 14.3 | .556 |
| Diabetes, % | 4.0 | 0.0 | .582 |
| Smoker (ever), % | 46.5 | 28.6 | .131 |
| Smoker (current), % | 5.0 | 4.8 | .971 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 123.69 (14.33) | 126.71 (13.22) | .375 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 74.02 (8.96) | 77.43 (9.30) | .118 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 202.56 (34.28) | 207.19 (30.51) | .568 |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 63.00 (19.36) | 55.38 (16.27) | .095 |
| Insulin (μ/mL) | 8.81 (6.66) | 8.24 (4.13) | .705 |
| Glucose (mg/dL) | 95.61 (9.59) | 96.57 (8.40) | .672 |
| HOMA-IR | 2.14 (1.83) | 1.98 (1.14) | .702 |
| Interleukin-6 (pg/mL) | 2.27 (7.01) | 2.29 (2.37) | .993 |
| hs C-Reactive Protein (mg/L) | 1.94 (2.12) | 2.00 (2.00) | .900 |
Values are mean (SD) except where otherwise indicated. All measures were obtained at wave 1 with the following exceptions (1) MMSE, IQCODE, and waist-hip ratio were added to the WRAP protocol at wave 2, (2) the vascular laboratory measures were assayed from fasting blood samples drawn at wave 2, and (3) subjects completed the CDR as part of their brain imaging visit.
FH=family history of Alzheimer’s disease; APOE4=the varepsilon 4 allele of the apolipoprotein E gene; MMSE=Mini-Mental State Exam; CDR= Clinical Dementia Rating Scale; CES-D= Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale; IQCODE=Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly; HDL=high-density lipoprotein; HOMA-IR=Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance.