Table 3.
Group differences on baseline neuropsychological measures†
| Variable | Stable, n=101 | Decliner, n=21 | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Episodic Memory | |||
| RAVLT Total | 53.01 (5.97) | 47.26 (5.90) | <.001 |
| RAVLT Short Delay | 10.98 (2.27) | 9.38 (2.24) | .004 |
| RAVLT Long Delay | 11.20 (2.21) | 9.13 (2.18) | <.001 |
| RAVLT Recognition | 14.30 (1.28) | 13.29 (1.26) | <.001 |
| BVMT-R Total | 25.40 (4.74) | 19.91 (4.69) | <.001 |
| BVMT-R Delayed Recall | 9.81 (1.93) | 8.34 (1.91) | .002 |
| BVMT-R Recognition | 5.85 (0.49) | 5.36 (0.49) | <.001 |
| WMS-R Logical Memory I | 30.72 (6.06) | 27.77 (5.99) | .044 |
| WMS-R Logical Memory II | 27.26 (6.51) | 23.91 (6.44) | .033 |
| Attention/Working Memory | |||
| WAIS-III Digit Span | 17.97 (3.97) | 17.10 (3.93) | .362 |
| WAIS-III Arithmetic | 15.22 (2.98) | 14.34 (3.00) | .225 |
| WAIS-III Letter Number Sequencing | 10.71 (2.23) | 10.20 (2.20) | .341 |
| Executive Function | |||
| Clock Drawing Test | 9.50 (0.78) | 9.58 (0.78) | .707 |
| Trail Making Test A, time | 27.27 (8.25) | 24.75 (8.17) | .203 |
| Trail Making Test B, time | 62.77 (19.81) | 57.06 (19.59) | .229 |
| WAIS-III Digit Symbol | 57.70 (8.40) | 56.50 (8.45) | .557 |
| WCST-64, perseverative responses | 8.59 (6.14) | 7.60 (6.07) | .500 |
| Stroop Color-Word, words named | 111.06 (19.17) | 106.06 (19.17) | .332 |
| Visuospatial Ability | |||
| WASI Block Design | 46.42 (10.96) | 40.52 (10.84) | .026 |
| WASI Matrix Reasoning | 25.83 (3.00) | 24.31 (2.97) | .036 |
| Judgment of Line Orientation | 25.23 (3.75) | 25.04 (3.77) | .832 |
| Language | |||
| WRAT-III Reading | 108.75 (8.42) | 102.71 (8.33) | .003 |
| WASI Vocabulary | 66.49 (6.47) | 64.81 (6.40) | .277 |
| WASI Similarities | 38.95 (3.81) | 37.70 (3.77) | .174 |
| Boston Naming Test, spontaneous | 56.43 (2.73) | 55.68 (2.74) | .248 |
| COWAT | 42.79 (10.62) | 41.38 (10.51) | .581 |
†
Values are raw scores statistically adjusted for age, gender, and education. All cognitive test scores were from wave 1 study visit, except the BVMT-R and Logical Memory which were added to the study protocol at wave 2.
WRAP= Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer’s Prevention; RAVLT=Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test; BVMT-R=Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised; WMS-R=Wechsler Memory Scale, Revised edition; WAIS-III=Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, 3rd edition; WCST=Wisconsin Card Sorting Test; WASI=Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence; WRAT III=Wide-Range Achievement Test, 3rd edition; COWAT= Controlled Oral Word Association Test, C-F-L version.