Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the participants at the time of the first visit
| Variable (n=414) | Mean±SD or n (%) |
|---|---|
| Age, years | 60±8 |
| Women, n (%) | 227 (55%) |
| Use of anti-hypertensive medications, n (%) | 378 (91%) |
| Use of beta- blockers, n (%) | 175 (42%) |
| Use of calcium channel blockers, n (%) | 67 (16%) |
| Use of diuretics, n (%) | 203 (49%) |
| Use of RAAS inhibitors, n (%) | 187 (45%) |
| Use of statins, n (%) | 154 (37%) |
| History of ever smoking, n (%) | 196 (47%) |
| History of diabetes, n (%) | 58 (14%) |
| History of myocardial infarction, n (%) | 27 (7%) |
| History of stroke, n (%) | 10 (2.1%) |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 31.4±5.7 |
| Waist circumference, cm | 103.0±15.8 |
| Serum creatinine, μmol/L* | 79.6±21.2 |
| Estimated glomerular filtration rate, (mL/s/1.73 m)† |
1.1±0.2 |
| cfPWV, m/s | 9.7±2.6 |
| AIx (%) | 32.3±10.0 |
| Central pulse pressure, mmHg | 46±13 |
AIx: aortic augmentation index. cfPWV: carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity. RAAS: renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.
*
To convert serum creatinine to mg/dL, divide the value by 88.4.
†
To convert estimated glomerular filtration rate to ml/min/1.73m2, divide the value by 0.01667.