Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Jul 18.
Published in final edited form as: FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2013 Oct 31;38(3):473–492. doi: 10.1111/1574-6976.12046

Figure 6. Rgg/SHP pathways in S. pyogenes.

Figure 6

All sequenced species of S. pyogenes contain four Rgg paralogs. Rgg1 (RopB) controls expression of SpeB and other virulence factors. The putative Rgg1 cognate peptide is unknown. Divergently transcribed from rgg2 and rgg3 are the short hydrophobic peptide genes shp2 and shp3, respectively. The comS gene is located downstream of comR, encoded on the same DNA strand. The pheromones are translated as pre-peptides prior to processing by Eep, secretion, and further extracellular processing. Mature peptides are imported into the cell where they can interact with their Rgg receptor to influence cellular behaviors such as biofilm formation and competence development. The figure is a modified reproduction (Federle, 2012).