Table 1.

Vulva phenotypes in C. elegans mutant strains expressing wild-type RAS-1 or the disease-associated RAS-1^G27dup mutant

Genotype	Transgene	N	Muv (%)	Vul (%)	Pvl (%)	N	P6.p induction (%)
wild-type	none	207	0	0	1.0	48	100
let-60(n1046)	none	201	77.9	–	0.5	50	100
let-60(n1046)	ras-1wt	244	76.4	–	2.8	43	100
let-60(n1046)	ras-1G27dup	231	87.1a	–	3.0	50	100
let-23(sy1)	none	194	–	87.8	3.6	178	13.4
let-23(sy1)	ras-1WT	169	–	84.3	4.1	156	14.0
let-23(sy1)	ras-1G27dup	282	–	83.3	10.3b	128	24.2c

Strains: let-60(n1046) is a gain-of-function allele of let-60 (ortholog of the human HRAS, KRAS and NRAS genes); let-23(sy1) is a hypomorphic allele of let-23 (ortholog of the human EGFR gene). ras-1^WT and ras-1^G27dup indicate hsp-16.41::ras-1^WT- and hsp-16.41::ras-1^G27dup-containing constructs injected at 100 ng/μl, respectively. After each cross, isogenic worms that had lost the transgene were cloned separately and used as controls.

Animals were grown at 20°C and heat-shocked in parallel at early L3 stage. N indicates the number of animals scored. Multivulva (Muv), vulvaless (Vul) and protruding vulva (Pvl) phenotypes are expressed as percentage of worms with ectopic pseudovulvae, animals lacking a vulva and adults with a protruding vulva, respectively. Induction of vulval cell fate is expressed as percentage of P6.p that has been induced to invaginate.

In all comparisons, P-values were calculated using two-tailed Fisher's exact test.

^aSignificantly different from let-60(n1046) (P < 0.02).

^bSignificantly different from let-23(sy1) (P < 0.01) and let-23(sy1);ras-1^WT (P < 0.02).

^cSignificantly different from let-23(sy1) (P = 0.02) and let-23(sy1);ras-1^WT (P < 0.05).