Table 3.

Individual-level and couple-level reports of risk-reduction strategies used within HIV-negative concordant and HIV-discordant gay male couples’ relationships

Sample size	Total sample		HIV-negative concordant		HIV-discordant
	666 MSM		550 MSM		116 MSM
Risk-reduction strategy: Individual-level	N	%	N	%	N	%
Engagement of UAI
Pleasure > risk	155	23	130	24	25	22
Serosorting with or without withdrawal	--	--	365	66	--	--
Strategic positioning	--	--	--	--	37	32
Knowledge HIV+ person is on ARTs and/or has undetectable viral load	--	--	--	--	28	24
No UAI: Safer sex
Condoms always for anal sex	127	19	83	15	44	38
Oral sex only	164	25	128	23	36	31
Sample size	333 couples		275 couples		58 couples
Clustering of strategies: Couple-level	N	%	N	%	N	%
Engagement of UAI
Did not use a strategy	160	48	126	46	34	59
Used 1 or more strategies a *	173	52	149	54	24	41
Used only 1 strategy b	102	31	84	31	18	31
Used 2 strategies b	52	16	47	17	5	9
Used 3 or more strategies b	19	6	18	6	1	1
No UAI: Safer sex
Condoms always for anal sex ***	27	8	12	4	15	27
Oral sex only	40	12	30	11	10	17

Notes.

^aRisk-reduction strategies that involved UAI within the relationship, included: serosorting with or without withdrawal for the HIV-negative couples; strategic positioning; and knowledge that HIV-positive partner is taking ARTs and/or has an undetectable viral load for the HIV-discordant couples; and valuing sexual pleasure more than risk (i.e., pleasure > risk) for both HIV-negative and discordant couples.

^bRow percentages are based on the total number of couples who self-reported using a risk reduction strategy for UAI within their relationship during the three months prior to assessment.

^*p < 0.05,

^**p < 0.01,

^***p < 0.001