. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Jul 18.

Published in final edited form as: Open J Mol Integr Physiol. 2013 Aug 28;3(3):134–145. doi: 10.4236/ojmip.2013.33019

Table 3.

Tidal volume/inspiratory time values during key times of the experiment

		Values (mls/sec)		%Change from Pre
Time Periods	Time	Vehicle	Morphine	Vehicle	Morphine
Pre		13.0 ± 1.1	11.3 ± 0.6
Post Drug (min)	+5	13.6 ± 1.0	5.7 ± 0.3^*,†	+6 ± 7	−49 ± 2^*,†
	+15	14.2 ± 1.0	5.3 ± 0.3^*,†	+11 ± 7	−53 ± 3^*,†
	+45	13.6 ± 0.9	7.2 ± 0.9^*,†	+9 ± 7	−35 ± 10^*,†
	+75	12.7 ± 0.7	9.3 ± 0.9	−2 ± 8	−15 ± 12
Hypoxia-Hypercapnia (min)	+15	17.4 ± 1.2^*	10.9 ± 1.1^†	+41 ± 16^*	−1 ± 14
	+30	26.6 ± 1.7^*	15.4 ± 1.6^*,†	+114 ± 25^*	+41 ± 2^*,†
	+55	36.1 ± 3.1^*	27.3 ± 3.0^*,†	+196 ± 48*	+149 ± 35^*
Post-room-air	+5	18.1 ± 1.2^*	17.7 ± 2.0^*	+45 ± 16^*	+61 ± 24^*
	+30	14.0 ± 0.7	14.4 ± 1.3	+13 ± 13	+29 ± 12^*

Data are presented as mean ± SEM. The mean of each pre value (−15 to 0 minutes) was determined for each rat. The mean ± SEM of the values for the rats that subsequently received either vehicle or morphine were determined and these values are presented as Pre values in the table.

P < 0.05, significant %change from Pre.

^†

P < 0.05, morphine versus vehicle.