Table 1. Characteristics of study participants according to smoking status (n = 3,640).
| Ever smoker (n = 2116) (mean ± SD or %) | Never smoker (n = 1524) (mean ± SD or %)) | P‡ | |
| Age (years) | |||
| Mean | 41.2±15.6 | 37.9±18.5 | <0.0001 |
| Range | 14.09–93.25 | 15.45–90.84 | |
| Male sex (%) | 44.5 | 33.9 | <0.0001 |
| Type 2 Diabetes (%) | 24.2 | 21.0 | 0.49 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 32.2±7.9 | 32.3±7.9 | 0.72 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 105.3±18.2 | 103.6±19.1 | 0.20 |
| Waist-to-hip ratio | 0.92±0.08 | 0.90±0.08 | 0.002 |
| Percent body fat | 36.8±10.0 | 38.0±10.4 | 0.62 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 123.4±17.0 | 121.7±17.3 | 0.39 |
| Diastolic blood pressure(mmHg) | 76.8±10.9 | 75.5±11.5 | 0.17 |
| High-density lipoprotein (mg/dL) | 50.5±14.5 | 51.3±14.7 | 0.44 |
| Low-density lipoprotein (mg/dL) | 99.4±29.7 | 96.4±28.9 | 0.30 |
| Plasma hsCRP (mg/L) | 7.0±9.2 | 6.8±9.9 | 0.45 |
| eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2) | 99.1±27.2 | 101.8±30.1 | 0.96 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 183.4±38.6 | 177.2±34.8 | 0.006 |
| Total triglyceride (mg/dL) | 177.2±197.3 | 155.4±123.8 | 0.01 |
| Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | 115.8±52.7 | 112.1±52.8 | 0.52 |
| Insulin (uU/mL) | 18.7±20.2 | 18.8±20.4 | 0.74 |
*P values were obtained by GEE, adjusting for age and sex when appropriate; ‡ Former plus current smokers.