Table 1. Genes showing upregulated (>2-fold increase) or downregulated (0.5-fold decrease) mRNA expression by 48-hr methylglyoxal treatment.

Up-regulated genes (extract)		Down-regulated genes (extract)
Genes	Fold change	Genes	Fold change
Hematopoietic progenitor cell antigen (CD34)	9.473	Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 precursor	0.137
Collagenase-3 precursor (Mmp13)	5.936	Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily 11b (OPG)	0.206
Adiponectin precursor	5.547	Connective tissue growth factor precursor (CTGF)	0.331
Cathepsin R precursor	4.769	Matrix Gla-protein precursor (MGP)	0.343
Gap junction alpha-1 protein (Connexin 43)	4.138	Wnt-1 inducible signaling pathway protein-1 (WISP1)	0.387
Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor-1 (p21)	3.352	G1/S-specific cyclin D1	0.389
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)	2.962	Tumor necrosis factor receptor associated factor 0–3 (TRAF3)	0.427
Growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible 45 alpha (GADD45a)	2.615	Wnt-1 inducible pathway signaling protein-2 (WISP2)	0.433
Transcription factor jun-D	2.565	Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase-8 (MAPKKK8)	0.439
Rho family GTPase-1 (Rnd1)	2.561	Procollagen type XIX alpha-1 (COL19a1)	0.443
Delta-like protein-3 precursor	2.524	Cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase inhibitor alpha (PIKA)	0.469
Collagen type XII alpha-1 precursor	2.295	Integrin alpha-II precursor	0.470
Collagen type VI alpha-1 precursor	2.165	Integrin alpha-V precursor	0.486
Glutathione S-transferase mu-4	2.162	ATP-binding cassette sub-family A	0.494
Transcription factor GATA-4	2.149	Tropomyosin-4	0.495
CBF1 interacting corepressor	2.126	Bcl-2 modifying factor	0.495
Histone H4	2.078
Secreted Frizzled-related protein-4 (sFRP-4)	2.044
GTP-binding protein-1	2.016

Gene names written in bold letters indicate Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway-related genes.