Table 1.

Description of nutritional constraints introduced in linear programming models, separately for men and women.

Nutrients			Constraints
		Men			Women
Energy, kJ/d		= 9196abc			= 7524ab
Proteins, g/d		≥ 70abc			≥ 50abc
Carbohydrates, g/d		≥ 275abc			≥ 250abc
Lipids, g/d		≤ 85.6abc			≤ 70abc
SFA, g/d		≤25bc			≤20bc
Added sugars, g/d		≤55bc			≤ 45bc
Sodium, mg/d		≤ 2365bc			≤ 2365b
	EARbc	RDAc	Safety limitsbc	EARbc	RDAc	Safety limitsbc
Fiber, g/d	≥ 19	≥ 25		≥ 19	≥ 25
Linoleic acid, g/d	≥ 7.7	≥ 10		≥ 6.2	≥ 8.0
Linolenic acid, g/d	≥ 1.5	≥ 2.0		≥ 1.2	≥ 1.6
DHA, g/d	≥ 0.09	≥ 0.12		≥ 0.08	≥ 0.1
Vitamin A, μg/d	-	-	≤ 1800	-	-	≤ 1800
Retinol, μg/d	308	≥ 400		≥ 231	≥ 300
b-carotene/6, μg/d	≥ 308	≥ 400		≥ 231	≥ 300
Thiamin, mg/d	≥ 1	≥ 1.3		≥ 0.85	≥ 1.1
Riboflavin, mg/d	≥ 1.2	≥ 1.6		≥ 1.2	≥ 1.5
Niacin, mg/d	≥ 11	≥ 14	< 47	≥ 8.5	≥ 11	< 47
Vitamin B5, mg/d	≥ 3.9	≥ 5		≥ 3.9	≥ 5
Vitamin B6, mg/d	≥ 1.4	≥ 1.8	≤ 6.8	≥ 1.2	≥ 1.5	≤ 6.8
Folates, μg/d	≥ 254	≥ 330	≤ 1500	≥ 231	≥ 300	≤ 1500
Vitamin B12, μg/d	≥ 1.8	≥ 2.4		≥ 1.8	≥ 2.4
Ascorbic acid, mg/d	≥ 85	≥ 110	≤ 1110	≥ 85	≥ 110	≤ 1110
Vitamin E, mg/d	≥ 9.2	≥ 12	≤ 52	≥ 9.2	≥ 12.0	≤ 52
Vitamin D, μg/d	≥ 2.3	≥ 5.0	≤ 30	≥ 2.3	≥ 5.0	≤ 30
Calcium, mg/d	≥ 693	≥ 900		≥ 693	≥ 900
Potassium, mg/d	≥ 2387	≥ 3100		≥ 2387	≥ 3100
Iron, mg/d	≥ 6.9	≥ 9.0		≥ 12	≥ 16.0
Magnesium, mg/d	≥ 323	≥ 420		≥ 277	≥ 360
Zinc, mg/d	≥ 9.2	≥ 12	≤ 50	≥ 7.7	≥ 10	≤ 50
Copper, mg/d	≥ 1.5	≥ 2.0		≥ 1.2	≥ 1.5
Iodine, mg/d	≥ 116	≥ 150		≥ 116	≥ 150
Selenium, μg/d	≥ 46	≥ 60	≤ 350	≥ 39	≥ 50	≤ 350

^aconstraint included in level A (achievement of macronutrient recommendations)

^bconstraint included in level B (achievement of macronutrient recommendations plus estimated average requirements)

^cconstraint included in level C (achievement of macronutrient recommendations plus recommended dietary allowance).