Table 2.

Cross-sectional association of protein intake% and BMD (g/cm²) in men and women from the Framingham Offspring Cohort

	FN-BMD				TR-BMD				LS-BMD
Variable: Protein intake %	n	β	se	P value	n	β	se	P value	n	β	se	P value
Men
Model 1†	1279	0·00077	0·001	0·49	1279	0·00061	0·001	0·60	1267	0·00057	0·001	0·75
Model 2‡	1268	0·00115	0·001	0·31	1268	0·00129	0·001	0·28	1256	0·00065	0·001	0·72
Women
Model 1	1638	0·00179	0·001	0·05*	1637	0·00183	0·001	0·03*	1634	0·00251	0·001	0·06(*)
Model 2	1614	0·00185	0·001	0·04*	1614	0·00200	0·001	0·02*	1610	0·00280	0·001	0·04*

Protein intake %, percentage of total energy intake from protein; BMD, bone mineral density; FN, femoral neck; TR, trochanter; LS, lumbar spine.

Regression coefficient and standard error significant at ⁽*⁾ P < 0·1, *P < 0·05.

†Model 1 adjusted for total energy intake (kcal/d), age (years), height (inches) and weight (pounds)

‡Model 2 adjusted for model 1 and dietary vitamin D intake (IU/d), vitamin D supplement use (yes/no), Ca supplement use (yes/no), dietary Ca intake (<800 mg/d or ≥800 mg), current smoking (yes/no), menopausal status (yes/no), current oestrogen use (yes/no) in women alone, caffeine intake (g/d), Physical Activity Scale in the Elderly (PASE), osteoporosis medication use (yes/no) and alcohol intake (none, moderate and heavy intake (in males: 0, 0–26·4 g/d, >26·4 g/d; in females: 0, 0–13·2 g/d, >13·2 g/d)).