Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Jul 16.
Published in final edited form as: Neuron. 2014 Jun 26;83(2):444–454. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2014.05.028

Figure 4. A Nk3R antagonist impairs cued-fear memory consolidation when infused systemically, in the central amygdala and in a PTSD-like mouse model.

Figure 4

A) Osanetant impairs cued-fear memory when given from 30 minutes to up to 1 hour after fear acquisition. The figure shows the time spent in freezing behavior during the fear expression test when the CS is presented. *P ≤.05 vs Veh. N=4-12 per group. B) Osanetant given intraperitoneally 30 minutes before fear conditioning impaired the enhancement of mRNA levels of the Pac1 receptor (Adcyap1r1), *P ≤0.05 vs Veh-FC; **P ≤0.01 vs Veh-FC. N= 9-12 per group. The PACAP-PAC1R pathway is associated with PTSD, fear conditioning and stress C) Osanetant bilaterally injected into the central amygdala immediately after fear conditioning causes impaired fear memory consolidation as shown by lower freezing in the cued-fear expression test *P ≤ 0.05, N= 3-9 mice per group. D) Histological verification of osanetant infusion sites. Left, toluidine blue staining showing an example of the tip of the cannula in the CeA. Scale bar = 250 μm. Right, the dots indicate the lowest point of the injector tip. E) Timeline of the experiment. F) Cued-fear conditioning enhances Tac2 levels 30 minutes after fear conditioning in naïve mice but more robustly in mice with a previous exposure to immobilization to a wooden board (IMO), a PTSD-like model. N=12-15 per group. *P ≤0.05 vs HC, **P ≤0.01 vs IMO. G) Osanetant was given immediately after FC and impaired fear memory consolidation in mice which had been previously exposed to a traumatic stress as shown by reduced freezing in the fear expression test, *P ≤0.05. N= 8 per group. Mean + or ± SEM is shown. Veh = vehicle; Osa = osanetant.